Table 1.
Correlations and descriptive statistics among study variables and covariates (N = 301)
| M | SD | Report | Time | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Academic achievementa | 435.67 | 16.10 | WJ | T2 | -- | |||||||||||||
| 2 | Academic skillsa | 3.05 | .82 | TR | T2 | .81*** | -- | ||||||||||||
| 3 | School engagementa | -- | -- | -- | T2 | .32*** | .41*** | -- | |||||||||||
| 4 | Teacher-student conflicta | 1.55 | .86 | TR | T2 | −.19** | −.19** | −.88*** | -- | ||||||||||
| 5 | Peer acceptance | .05 | .97 | PR | T1 | .07 | .12* | .23*** | −.14* | -- | |||||||||
| 6 | Positive emotion: Classroom | .72 | .29 | OB | T1 | .04 | .16* | .04 | −.01 | .18*** | -- | ||||||||
| 7 | Positive emotion: Lunch & recess | 1.37 | .45 | OB | T1 | .00 | −.03 | .13* | −.10+ | .20*** | .52*** | -- | |||||||
| 8 | Negative emotion: Classroom | .06 | .08 | OB | T1 | −.14* | −.03 | −.29*** | .28*** | −.10* | .01 | .02 | -- | ||||||
| 9 | Negative emotion: Lunch & recess | .10 | .11 | OB | T1 | −.17** | −.07 | −.25*** | .24*** | .00 | −.05 | −.14** | .43*** | -- | |||||
| 10 | Early kindergarten verbal competence | 469.52 | 12.04 | WJ | T1 | .64*** | .41*** | .20*** | −.15** | .04 | .01 | .04 | .00 | −.02 | -- | ||||
| 11 | Age | 5.48 | .34 | CR | T1 | .03 | .05 | .08 | .04 | .14* | .03 | .10* | −.09+ | −.06 | .01 | -- | |||
| 12 | Ethnic minorityb | .64 | .48 | CR | T1 | .29** | −.14* | .01 | −.02 | .01 | .06 | −.11 | −.04 | .04 | −.41*** | .13* | -- | ||
| 13 | Sexc | .49 | .50 | CR | T1 | .13+ | .08 | −.07 | .05 | .06 | .04 | .08 | −.08 | −.04 | .10*** | .12* | −.08 | -- | |
| 14 | SESd | −.05 | .97 | CR | T1 | .54*** | .25*** | .01 | −.03 | −.04 | −.03 | −.02 | .02 | .05 | .53*** | −.10 | −.35*** | .11* | -- |
Note.
a
Latent variable;
b
ethnic minority (1 = minority, 0 = white, non-Hispanic);
c
sex (1 = boy; 0 = girl);
d
SES (family income and average parent education).
WJ = Woodcock-Johnson assessment, TR = teacher report, OB = observer report, PR = peer report, CR = caregiver report, T1 = fall assessment, T2 = spring assessment. Not shown are descriptive statistics for school engagement indicators: school liking (M = 2.81, SD = .32), cooperation (M = 2.67, SD = .43), and engagement (M = 2.76, SD = .20).