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Detailed information on the samples used in the research
| Sample | Abbreviation | Manufacturer | Sample No. |
| Colla Cornus Cervi | LJJ | Shandong Dong’e Ejiao Co., Ltd. | 1–10 |
| Colla Carapacis et Plastri Testudinis | GJJ | Shandong Dong’e Ejiao Co., Ltd. | 11–18 |
| Oxhide Gelatin | HMJ | Shandong Dong’e Ejiao Co., Ltd. | 19–36 |
| Dong’e Ejiao | DEEJ | Shandong Dong’e Ejiao Co., Ltd. | 37–98 |
| Ejiao (Colla Corii Asini) | OEJ | Other 20 different manufacturers | 99–188 |
