Table 2.

Sealing ability of bioceramic-based root canal sealers.

Tested sealers	Compared sealers	Obturation technique	Microleakage site	Microleakage test	Duration	Finding	References
Capseal I and Capseal II	Sankin apatite, AH Plus, Sealapex, and zinc oxide-based sealer (Pulp Canal Sealer-Kerr)	Lateral condensation technique	Apical	Anaerobic bacterial leakage	Every day for a period of 90 days	Capseal I and Capseal II especially Capseal II showed good sealing ability, comparable to that of AH Plus	Yang et al. [45]
Endo CPM and Experimental MTA-based sealer	AH Plus, Sealer 26, Epiphany SE, Sealapex, Activ GP, and Endofill	Cold lateral condensation	Coronal	Bacterial leakage	Every 24 h for a period of 120 days	Activ GP, Endo CPM sealer, and MTAS were less resistant to leakage	Oliveira et al. [46]
Experimental calcium phosphate injectable sealer	Sealapex	Lateral condensation for Sealapex group and single silver cone for experimental sealer	Apical	Poly-R dye penetration test	5 days	Sealing ability was satisfactory in both groups with no significant difference	Cherng et al. [19]
Experimental MTA and fluorodoped MTA (FMTA) sealers	AH Plus	Warm vertical compaction	Apical	Fluid filtration method	24 hours, 48 hours, 1 week, 2 weeks, 1 month, 3 months, and 6 months	FMTA and AH Plus had a significantly better sealing ability than MTA	Gandolfi and Prati [47]
iRoot SP	AH Plus	Continuous wave condensation technique with both sealers and single cone technique with iRoot SP	Apical	Fluid filtration method	24 hours, 1 week, 4 weeks, and 8 weeks	iRoot SP was equivalent to AH Plus sealer in apical sealing ability	Zhang et al. [20]
MTAS	Pulp Canal Sealer	Warm vertical compaction technique	Coronal	Fluid filtration method	1 day and 28 days	MTAS had sealing ability comparable to Pulp Canal Sealer	Camilleri et al. [48]
ProRoot Endo Sealer (DENTSPLY Tulsa Dental Specialties)	Pulp Canal Sealer and AH Plus	Warm vertical compaction technique	Coronal	Fluid filtration method	7 days and 35 days	Sealing ability of ProRoot Endo Sealer and AH Plus is better than that of Pulp Canal Sealer	Weller et al. [49]
Sankin apatite root sealer types I, II, and III	Roth's sealer, Sealapex, and Kerr root canal sealer	Lateral-vertical condensation technique	Apical	Dye penetration using silver nitrate	Not stated	Sealing ability of Sankin apatite II was second better after Sealapex	Barkhordar et al. [50]
Sankin apatite types I, II, and III	Grossman's sealer	Lateral condensation technique	Apical	Methylene blue dye	48 hours	All sealers showed minimal leakage with no significant difference	Bilginer et al. [35]