Table 1.
Characteristics of participants in the learning therapy group and the waiting list control groups.
| Learning therapy group | Wait list control group | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Mean | SD | Mean | SD | p-value | |
| Age (years) | 72.81 | (6.18) | 71.38 | (4.92) | 0.31 |
| Education (years) | 13.25 | (2.00) | 12.69 | (1.40) | 0.20 |
| MMSE (score) | 28.34 | (0.86) | 28.44 | (0.76) | 0.65 |
| Arithmetic from WAIS (score) | 11.44 | (2.42) | 11.13 | (2.42) | 0.61 |
| Vocabulary WAIS (score) | 31.19 | (4.37) | 31.03 | (4.65) | 0.89 |
| JART (score) | 19.97 | (3.47) | 19.21 | (4.30) | 0.44 |
| Estimated IQ from JART (score) | 109.91 | (7.03) | 108.50 | (8.61) | 0.48 |
No significant difference was found between combination exercise training and the waiting list control groups (two-sample t-test, p > 0.10). JART, Japanese Reading test; SD, standard deviation; MMSE, Mini-Mental State Examination; WAIS, Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale III.