Table 1. Characteristics of the Study Population.
| Abuse group N=127 | Deprivation group N=126 | Control group N=129 | p-value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age (years) | ||||
| Range | 18–34 | 18–35 | 18–35 | NS |
| Mean (SD) | 22.4 (4.0) | 21.7 (3.0) | 22.1 (3.4) | |
| Male% | 46 | 41 | 44 | NS |
| Adversity before the age of 16 yearsa | ||||
| Verbal or physical aggression in family (%) | 76 (60) | 0 | 0 | |
| Verbal or physical aggression outside of family (%) | 55 (43) | 0 | 0 | |
| Sexual abuse or violence in family or relationship (%) | 12 (9) | 0 | 0 | |
| Sexual abuse or violence outside of family or relationship (%) | 13 (10) | 0 | 0 | |
| Serious illness or injury to a close relative (%) | 0 | 94 (75) | 0 | |
| Death of close relative (%) | 0 | 99 (79) | 0 | |
| Long-term separation from (one of) parents (%) | 0 | 46 (37) | 0 | |
| Severe financial problems (%) | 0 | 5 (4) | 0 | |
| Adversity after the age of 16 years | ||||
| Verbal or physical aggression in family (%) | 30 (24) | 0 | 0 | |
| Verbal or physical aggression outside of family (%) | 17 (13) | 0 | 0 | |
| Sexual abuse or violence in family or relationship (%) | 3 (2) | 0 | 0 | |
| Sexual abuse or violence outside of family or relationship (%) | 5 (4) | 0 | 0 | |
| Educational level | NS | |||
| Low (%) | 21 (17) | 19 (15) | 20 (16) | |
| Intermediate (%) | 19 (15) | 18 (14) | 19 (15) | |
| High (%) | 87 (69) | 89 (71) | 90 (70) | |
| Mean PANAS-negative items (SD) | 13.8 (4.5) | 13.6 (4.5) | 13.8 (4.7) | NS |
| Total brain volume (ml) (SD) | 1255.4 (118.7) | 1244.1 (137.8) | 1240.3 (107.9) | NS |
| MRI field strength | NS | |||
| 1.5 T (%) | 63 (50) | 59 (47) | 60 (47) | |
| 3 T (%) | 64 (50) | 67 (53) | 69 (53) | |
a
Percentages add up to >100% because one subject can score multiple items.