Figure 2.

HFD increases anxiety and anhedonia behaviors. (a) Experimental paradigm of CD or HFD given for 16 weeks while behavioral testing started at week 14. Influence of HFD on (b) locomotor activity (LMA), anxiety assessed in the (c) novelty suppressed feeding test (NSFT), and its control (d) home cage feeding (HCF); (e) open field test (OFT) and (f) elevated plus maze (EPM). HFD exposure also leads to anhedonic behaviors as assessed with (g) sucrose preference test (SPT), (h) female urine sniffing test (FUST), and (i) its control for olfactory sensitivity. (j) Influence of HFD on novelty object recognition (NOR). Results are presented as the mean±SEM, n=16 per group. *P<0.05, **P<0.01, ***P<0.001 compared with the CD (two-tailed Student's t-tests).