Table 1. Characteristics of diabetic patients and controls.
|
Diabetic patients (n=150) |
Controls (n=50) | P-value | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Overall patients | no-DR group (n=131) | mild-NPDR group (n=19) | |||
| Age (years) | 60.9±8.3 | 60.6±8.3 | 62.7±8.4 | 60.0±8.4 | 0.158a |
| Gender, n (%) | 0.540b | ||||
| Male | 94 (62.7) | 80 (61.1) | 14 (73.7) | 30 (60.0) | |
| Female | 56 (37.3) | 51 (38.9) | 5 (26.3) | 20 (40.0) | |
| Duration of diabetes (years) | 7.1±6.6 | 6.4±5.6 | 12.8±10.4 | <0.001c | |
| BCVA | 0.0±0.0 | 0.0±0.0 | 0.0±0.0 | 0.0±0.0 | |
| HbA1c (%) | 7.4±1.3 | 7.4±1.2 | 8.0±1.3 | 0.050c | |
| IOP (mmHg) | 14.4±2.5 | 14.5±2.5 | 14.1±2.8 | 14.3±2.2 | 0.758a |
| Refractive error | 0.24±1.47 | 0.28±1.53 | -0.02±1.03 | 0.05±1.23 | 0.466a |
| Treatment, n (%) | <0.001b | ||||
| Diet | 14 (9.3) | 12 (9.2) | 2 (10.5) | ||
| OHA | 116 (77.3) | 106 (80.9) | 10 (52.6) | ||
| Insulin | 13 (8.7) | 11 (8.4) | 2 (10.6) | ||
| INS+OHA | 7 (4.7) | 2 (1.5) | 5 (26.3) | ||
Abbreviations: BCVA, best-corrected visual acuity (logMAR (logarithm of the minimum angle of resolution)); HbA1c, glycated hemoglobin; INS, Insulin; IOP, intraocular pressure; mild-NPDR group, diabetes patients with signs of mild nonproliferative diabetic retinopathy (NPDR); n, number of patients; no-DR group, diabetes patients without any sign of diabetic retinopathy (DR); OHA, oral hypoglycaemic agent.
a
One-way ANOVA test.
b
χ2-test.
c
Student's t-test for unpaired data no-DR group vs mild-NPDR group. Statistical significant P-values are written in bold.