The VEGF and MCP-1 levels after vitrectomy (the second vitrectomy vs the secondary IOL implant). (a) The VEGF concentrations in the second vitrectomy cases did not decrease at the time of the second vitrectomy compared with the first (1.58±1.64 vs 0.99±1.03 ng/ml, NS, n=14), whereas they decreased significantly at the time of the secondary IOL implant compared with the first vitrectomy (0.10±0.17 vs 0.49±0.46 ng/ml, P=0.05, n=7). (b) The vitreous MCP-1 level was significantly elevated at the second vitrectomy compared with the first surgery (2.87±2.46 vs 0.72±0.58 ng/ml, P<0.01, n=14), whereas it did not change at the time of the secondary IOL implant compared with the first vitrectomy (0.88±0.40 vs 0.73±0.60 ng/ml, NS, n=7). There were no significant differences in the protein values between IOL implant and secondary vitrectomy samples at first operation. The horizontal lines indicate the change in levels for individual patients between the first and second operations.