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The causal relationships between the either VEGF or MCP-1 levels at second surgery and the reasons for the second vitrectomy. Bold horizontal broken lines indicated the mean levels and fine broken lines indicated the mean+SD levels of VEGF or MCP-1 at first surgery. TRD, Tractional retinal detachment; NVG, neovascular glaucoma; PVH, persistent vitreous hemorrhage.
