Table 1.

Risk factors for thyroid cancer

Esogenous	Endogenous
X-ray and 131I exposure [21–25]	Gender (male) and age (<15 or >45 years) [39–43]
Endocrine disruptors	TSH [23]
	Autoimmunity [22,24]
	Obesity and insulin resistance [29–33]
	Family history of thyroid cancer (5 %), hereditary conditions (familial non-medullary carcinoma, familial adenomatous polyposis, etc.) [26–28]