Table S1.
Neurocognitive test battery and skills
| Name of test | Description of main test (and subtests, if applicable) | |
|---|---|---|
| TOPF | A sight word reading test wherein individuals are asked to read out loud single words that have irregular spelling rules (ie, words that cannot be sounded out using phonics alone). The measure is used to estimate an individual’s “premorbid” level of intellectual functioning as assessed by a standardized instrument such as one of the Wechsler scales | |
| WASI | Consists of four subtests, two assessing verbally based abilities (Vocabulary and Abstract Reasoning) and two assessing visually based abilities (Visuospatial Construction and Visual Analogic Reasoning) that are used to estimate current general intellectual ability | |
| • Vocabulary | IQ, language | |
| • Block design | IQ, Abstract reasoning | |
| • Similarities | IQ, Language. Verbal abstract reasoning | |
| • Matrix Reasoning | IQ, Nonverbal. Abstract reasoning. Mental flexibility | |
| TMT | A measure that assesses visual scanning, visual attention, processing speed, and simple cognitive flexibility. It is a paper-and-pencil task that asks individuals to connect a series of targets in a prescribed order as quickly as they can | |
| • A | Speeded linear processing, visual tracking | |
| • B | Speeded multitasking, mental control, visual tracking | |
| COWAT | Assesses behavioral initiation and rapid word retrieval by asking individuals to 1) name as many animals as possible within 60 seconds (Animals) or 2) as many words as they can that start with a specific letter in a 60-second interval; there are three trials using the letters “F,” “A,” and “S” (F–A–S) | |
| • Animals | Verbal fluency, processing speed | |
| • F–A–S | Verbal fluency, mental flexibility | |
| BNT | Assesses visual confrontation naming by asking individuals to name a pictured item. The word frequency of the items becomes increasing lower as the test progresses making it more challenging with each successive item | |
| RBANS | Consists of eight subtests: Coding, Digits Forward, Complex Figure, Line Orientation, List Recall, List Recognition, Story Recall, and Visual Memory | |
| • Coding | Divided attention | |
| • Digits Forward | ST verbal recall | |
| • Complex Figure | Motor-based processing | |
| • Line Orientation | Motor-based processing | |
| • List Recall | ST verbal learning | |
| • List Recognition | ST verbal recognition memory | |
| • Story Recall | LT verbal recall memory | |
| • Visual Memory | LT visual recall memory, motor-based processing | |
| • List Learning | Learning capacity | |
Abbreviations: BNT, Boston Naming Test; COWAT, Controlled Oral Word Association Tests; IQ, intelligence quotient; LT, long term; RBANS, Repeatable Battery for the Assessment of Neuropsychological Functioning; ST, short term; TMT, Trail Making Test; TOPF, Test of Premorbid Functioning; WASI, Wechsler Abbreviated Scale of Intelligence.