Table 1.
Characteristics of included studies involving hybrid therapy
| Ref. | Region | Design | No. of patients | Age, mean or range, yr | Men, % | Hybrid group | Control group | Confirmation of infection | Confirmation of eradication | Follow-up | Jadad score |
| Hsu et al[10] (2011) | Taiwan | Single-arm | 117 | 54 | 50 | E 40 mg + A 1g, bid, 7d; E 40 mg + A 1g + C 500 mg + M 500 mg, bid, 7d | NA | RUT, UBT, and histology | UBT | 8w | NA |
| Sardarian et al[25] (2012) | Iran | RCT | 420 | 43 | 48 | P 40 mg + A 1g, bid, 7d; P 40 mg + A 1 g + C 500mg + T 500 mg, bid, 7d | Sequential therapy (P 40 mg + A 1g, bid, 5d; P 40 mg + C 500mg + T 500 mg, bid, 5d) | RUT and/or histology | UBT | 8w | 3 |
| Molina-Infante et al[27] (2013) | Spain, Italy | RCT | 343 | 18-87 | 49 | O 40 mg + A 1g bid, 7d; O 20 mg +A 1 g + C 500 mg + N 500 mg, bid, 7d | Concomitant therapy (O 20 mg + A 1 g + C 500 mg + N 500 mg, bid, 14d) | UBT or any two of RUT, histology, or culture | UBT | 8w | 3 |
| Zullo et al[6] (2013) | Italy | RCT | 270 | 49 | 41 | O 40 mg + A 1 g bid, 7d; O 20 mg + A 1 g + C 500 mg + T 500 mg, bid, 7d | Concomitant therapy (O 20 mg + A 1 g + C 500 mg + T 500 mg, bid, 5d); sequential therapy (O 20 mg + A 1 g, bid, 5d; O 20 mg + C 500mg + T 500 mg, bid, 5d) | RUT and histology | UBT | 6w | 3 |
| Oh et al[13] (2014) | Korea | RCT | 184 | 57 | 37 | R 20mg + A 1g bid, 7d; R 20 mg + A 1 g + C 500 mg + M 500 mg, bid, 7d | Sequential therapy (R 20 mg + A 1g, bid, 7d; R 20 mg + M 500 mg, bid, Mo 500 mg, qd, 7d) | RUT or histology | UBT | 6w | 3 |
| De Francesco et al[12] (2014) | Italy | RCT | 440 | 47 | 42 | O 20 mg + A 1g bid, 7d; O 20 mg + A 1 g + C 500 mg + T 500 mg, bid, 7d | Concomitant therapy (O 20 mg + A 1 g + C 500 mg + M 500 mg + T 500 mg, bid, 5d or 14d); sequential therapy (R 20 mg + A 1 g, bid, 7d; R 20 mg + M 500 mg, bid, Mo 500 mg, qd, 7d) | RUT+histology | UBT | 6-8w | 2 |
| Wu et al[23] (2014) | Taiwan | RCT | 220 | 53 | 49 | E 20 mg + A 1g bid, 3d; E 20 mg + A 1 g + C 500 mg + M 500 mg, bid, 7d | Hybrid therapy (E 20 mg + A 1g bid, 5d/7d; E 20 mg + A 1 g + C 500 mg + M 500 mg, bid, 7d) | RUT, UBT, histology, or culture | UBT or triple negative (RUT + histology + culture) | 8w | 3 |
| Cuadrado-Lavin et al[28] (2015) | Spain | RCT | 300 | 44 | 38 | O 20 mg + A 1 g bid, 5d; O 20 mg + A 1 g + C 500 mg + M 500 mg, bid,5d | Concomitant therapy (O 20 mg + A 1g + C 500 mg + M 500 mg, bid, 10d) | RUT, UBT, or histology | UBT | 4w | 3 |
| Heo et al[29] (2015) | Korea | RCT | 422 | 57 | 59 | E 20 mg + A 1g bid, 5d; E 20 mg + A 1 g + C 500 mg + M 500 mg, bid, 5d | Concomitant therapy (E 20 mg + A 1 g + C 500 mg + M 500 mg, bid, 10d) | Any two of UBT, histology, or RUT | UBT | 4w | 3 |
| Hwang et al[26] (2015) | Korea | RCT | 284 | 59 | 46 | R 20 mg + A 1g bid, 7d; R 20 mg + A 1g + C 500 mg + M 500 mg, bid, 7d | Sequential therapy (R 20 mg + A 1g, bid, 7d; R 20 mg + M 500 mg, bid, Mo 500 mg, qd, 7d) | UBT, histology, or RUT | UBT | 4w | 3 |
| Chen et al[11] (2015) | Taiwan | RCT | 175 | 53 | 37 | R 20 mg + A 1g bid, 7d; R 20 mg + A 1 g + C 500 mg + M 500 mg, bid, 7d | Sequential therapy (R 20 mg + A 1g, bid, 5d; R 20 mg + C 500 mg + M 500 mg, bid, 5d) | RUT + histology, culture | RUT + histology or UBT | 8w | 2 |
| Metanat et al[24] (2015) | Iran | RCT | 270 | 46 | 44 | P 40 mg + A 1g, bid, 5d; P 40 mg + A 1 g + C 500 mg + T 500 mg, bid, 5d | Sequential therapy (P 40 mg + A 1 g, bid, 7d; P 40 mg + A 1 g + C 500 mg + T 500 mg, bid, 7d) | RUT, histology | UBT | 8w | 2 |
A: Amoxicillin; C: Clarithromycin; E: Esomeprazole; M: Metronidazole; Mo: Moxifloxacin; N: Nitroimidazole; O: Omeprazole; P: Pantoprazole; R: Rabeprazole; RUT: Rapid urease test; T: Tinidazole; UBT: 13C-urea breath test.