Table 2.

The effect of active hormone therapy compared to placebo on intraocular pressure from linear regression models in the Women's Health Initiative Sight Exam study

Trials	Estrogen-alone		Estrogen-plus-progestin
	Right Eye	Left Eye	Right Eye	Left Eye
Primary outcome: Intention-to-treat analysis
Model 1: all women
All	N = 1,584	N = 1,582	N = 2,521	N = 2,516
β (95% CI)	−0.46 (−0.78,−0.14)	−0.60 (−0.91, −0.29)	−0.13 (−0.37, 0.11)	−0.09 (−0.32, 0.14)
p-valuea	p = 0.005	p < 0.001	p = 0.30	p = 0.43
Model 2: excluded women with self-reported glaucoma or glaucoma treatmentb
All	N = 1,454	N = 1,453	N = 2,344	N = 2,342
β (95% CI)	−0.47 (−0.80,−0.15)	−0.57 (−0.89, −0.25)	−0.08 (−0.32,0.17)	−0.06 (−0.30,0.18)
p-valuea	p = 0.005	p < 0.001	p = 0.54	p = 0.62
Secondary outcome: Adherence-adjusted analysis
Model 3: all women
All	N = 1,584	N = 1,582	N = 2,521	N = 2,516
β (95% CI)	−0.45 (−0.77,−0.13)	−0.60 (−0.91, −0.28)	−0.14 (−0.38, 0.10)	−0.11 (−0.35, 0.13)
p-valuea	p = 0.006	p < 0.001	p = 0.26	p = 0.36
Model 4: excluded women with self-reported glaucoma or glaucoma treatmentb
All	N = 1,454	N = 1,453	N = 2,344	N = 2,342
β (95% CI)	−0.46 (−0.79,−0.13)	−0.57 (−0.89, −0.24)	−0.08 (−0.33,0.16)	−0.07 (−0.31,0.17)
p-valuea	p = 0.006	p < 0.001	p = 0.50	p = 0.57

CI, confidence interval; β, coefficient represents a comparison of IOP in the treatment group relative to that in the placebo group (negative values indicate that the treatment group had a lower IOP compared to that in the placebo group).

^aAdjusted for age at eye exam, duration of hormone therapy, race, body mass index, treatment adherence, lens status (pseudophakia, yes/no, excluding aphakia), and history of diabetes mellitus, hypertension, smoking, or alcohol use.

^bReported glaucoma or glaucoma treatment at the Women's Health Initiative baseline examination or the Women's Health Initiative Sight Exam study visits.