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. 2016 May 18;7:655. doi: 10.3389/fpls.2016.00655

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Copyright © 2016 Karppinen, Zoratti, Nguyenquynh, Häggman and Jaakola.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) or licensor are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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(A) Vaccinium berries: highbush blueberry (V. corymbosum), bilberry (V. myrtillus), cranberry (V. macrocarpon), lingonberry (V. vitis-idaea), and bog bilberry (V. uliginosum). (B) Schematic representation of the accumulation of key metabolites during bilberry fruit development and ripening. The highest mean values of different compounds are 3960 μg g^-1 FW for anthocyanins, 216 μg g^-1 FW for proanthocyanidins, 130 μg g^-1 FW for flavonols, 82.5 μg g^-1 FW for vitamin C, 6.2 μg g^-1 FW for ABA and 81.8 μg g^-1 DW (14.4 μg g^-1 FW) for carotenoids, according to Jaakola et al. (2002), Cocetta et al. (2012), and Karppinen et al. (2013, 2016).