Figure 4.

Illustration of the proposed subcortical and cortical circuitry involved in controlling saccade adaptation and associated changes in visual space perception. Motor commands (green color) are sent from the frontal eye fields (FEF) to the superior colliculus (SC) and the Cerebellum (CB), and from there to the brainstem saccade generator (BSG) which controls the eye muscles. Adaptation of the feedforward pathway takes place in the CB. A feedback pathway from the CB to the FEF via the VL of the thalamus carries a prediction signal about the current adaptation state in the CB and the expected post-saccadic target location. An efferency copy of the intended saccade is sent from the SC through the mediodorsal nucleus (MD) to the FEF. FEF and SC also receive post-saccadic visual information about the visual error between actual saccade landing and shifted target position. Adaptation of the motor command in FEF affects both saccade amplitude and perceptual space.