Table 1.
Geographic distribution of R. felis in wild-caught arthropods since 2009 review [10]
| Country | Vector | Prevalence of infection | Reference |
|---|---|---|---|
| Albania | Ctenocephalides felis | 3 % (10/371) | [71] |
| Algeria | Archeopsylla erinacei | 96 % (316/331) | [72] |
| Xenopsylla cheopis, Leptopsylla segnis | 15 % (10/69) | [73] | |
| Australia | Fleas | ND | [74] |
| C. felis | ND | [55] | |
| Liposcelis bostrychophila | ND | [75] | |
| Brazil | C. felis | 38 % (268/701) | [61] |
| Amblyomma humerale | 14 % (1/7) | [76] | |
| Ticks and fleas | ND | [77] | |
| C. felis | ND | [78] | |
| Chile | Rhipicephalus sanguineus | ND | [79] |
| China | Eulaelaps stabularis | ND | [80] |
| C. felis | 95 % (57/60) | [81] | |
| R. sanguineus | 10 % (15/146) | ||
| Linognathus setosus | 16 % (6/37) | ||
| Anopheles sinensis, Culex pipiens | 6 % (25/428) | ||
| Colombia | C. felis, Ctenocephalides canis, Pulex irritans | ND | [82] |
| Costa Rica | C. felis | ND | [83] |
| C. felis | ND | [84] | |
| Côte d’Ivoire | Anopheles gambiae | 1 % (1/77) | [85] |
| Cyprus | X. cheopis | 1 % (4/400) | [86] |
| Czech Republic | Fleas | 18 % (6/33) | [87] |
| Democratic Republic of Congo (Kinshasa) | C. felis | 95 % (37/39) | [88] |
| C. canis | 42 % (10/24) | ||
| C. felis | 57 % (13/23) | [89] | |
| Democratic Republic of Congo (Ituri) | C. felis | 23 % (15/64) | [89] |
| Leptopsylla aethiopica | 9 % (1/11) | ||
| Echidnophaga gallinacea | 5 % (1/21) | ||
| Ethiopia | Fleas | 21 % (63/303) | [90] |
| C. felis | 100 % (3/3) | [91] | |
| P. irritans | 43 % (23/53) | ||
| Fleas | ND | [92] | |
| France | A. erinacei | 99 % (128/129) | [93] |
| A. erinacei | 11 % (2/19) | [94] | |
| Gabon | Aedes albopictus | 3 % (3/96) | [95] |
| Guatemala | C. felis | ND | [83] |
| Hungary | C. felis | ND | [96] |
| Indonesia | X. cheopis | ND | [97] |
| Italy | C. felis | 26 % (34/132) | [57] |
| Fleas | ND | [98] | |
| C. felis | 12 % (38/320) | [99] | |
| C. felis | 31 % (9/29) | [100] | |
| Ivory Coast | C. canis | 50 % (1/2) | [101] |
| Kenya | X. cheopis, C. felis, C. canis, P. irritans, E. gallinacea | ND | [49•] |
| Korea | Ctenophthalmus congeneroides, Stenoponia sidimi, Rhadinopsylla insolita | ND | [102] |
| Laos | C. canis, C. felis, Ctenocephalides orientis | 59 % (13/22) | [103] |
| Lebanon | C. felis | 16 % (17/104) | [104] |
| C. felis | 44 % (8/18) | [105] | |
| Malaysia | C. felis | 32 % (57/177) | [22] |
| C. felis | 4 % (4/95) | [106] | |
| C. fels | 75 % (337/450) | [107] | |
| Mexico | C. felis | 25 % (1/4) | [108] |
| Polygenis odiosus | 33 % (1/3) | ||
| Morocco | Fleas | 20 % (112/554) | [109] |
| New Caledonia | C. felis | 81 % (17/21) | [110] |
| Netherlands | C. canis, C. felis | ND | [111] |
| Panama | C. felis | 35 % (7/20) | [112] |
| Peru | C. felis | 67 % (2/3) | [113] |
| Reunion Island | X. cheopis, Xenopsylla brasiliensis | 2 % (5/205) | [114] |
| Senegal | Aedes luteocephalus | <1 % (1/203) | [33] |
| Anopheles arabiensis | 1 % (2/154) | ||
| Anopheles ziemanni | 14 % (1/7) | ||
| Anopheles pharoensis | 10 % (1/10) | ||
| Anopheles funestus | 29 % (2/7) | ||
| Mansonia uniformis | 25 % (2/8) | ||
| Cimex hemipterus | 3 % (1/39) | ||
| Slovakia | Ctenophthalmus agyrtes, Ctenophthalmus solutus, Ctenophthalmus uncinatus, Nosopsyllus fasciatus | 11 % (34/315) | [115] |
| Spain | C. felis | 26 % (20/118) | [116] |
| C. felis | 44 % (34/78) | [117] | |
| C. felis | 3 % (2/76) | [118] | |
| Taiwan | C. felis | ND | [119] |
| C. felis | 21 % (90/420) | [120] | |
| Stivalius aporus, Acropsylla episema | 1 % (2/160) | [121] | |
| Tunisia | C. felis | 9 % (2/22) | [122] |
| C. felis | <1 % (1/322) | [123] | |
| Turkey | Rhipicephalus bursa | ND | [124] |
| United Republic of Tanzania | C. felis | 65 % (13/20) | [89] |
| C. canis | 71 % (5/7) | ||
| Ctenophthalmus calceatus | 25 % (5/20) | ||
| USA | C. felis | ND | [125] |
| C. felis, P. irritans, X. cheopis, E. gallinacea, Diamanus montanus | ND | [126] | |
| Amblyomma maculatum | ND | [127] | |
| X. cheopis | ND | [31] | |
| L. bostrychophila | ND | [41] | |
| Carios capensis | ND | [128] | |
| C. felis, P. irritans, X. cheopis, E. gallinacea, Diamanus montanus, L. segnis | ND | [129] | |
| Fleas | ND | [130] | |
| Uruguay | C. canis, C. felis | 41 % (27/66) | [131] |
| West Indies | C. felis | ND | [132] |
ND not determined