Table 3.

Pooled hazard ratios (95% CI) for incident hypertension for consumption of potatoes (baked, boiled, or mashed) in Nurses’ Health Study, Nurses’ Health Study II, and Health Professional Follow-up Study

	Consumption levels				P for trend	P for heterogeneity
	≤1 per month	1-3 per month	1-3 per week	≥4 per week
NHS
Cases/person years	406/14 882	6233/189 737	22 353/648 475	6736/181 163
Multivariate adjusted HR†	1.00 (reference)	1.07 (0.97 to 1.19)	1.12 (1.01 to 1.24)	1.13 (1.02 to 1.26)	0.01
NHS II
Cases/person years	333/25,721	5673/327 099	16 338/867 668	2902/123 987
Multivariate adjusted HR†	1.00	1.08 (0.97 to 1.21)	1.17 (1.04 to 1.31)	1.25 (1.11 to 1.41)	<0.001
HPFS
Cases/person years	308/11 050	3088/102 773	10 668/361 971	2688/84 435
Multivariate adjusted HR†	1.00	0.92 (0.82 to 1.04)	0.95 (0.84 to 1.07)	0.95 (0.84 to 1.08)	0.46
Pooled results
HR with random effect model	1.00	1.03 (0.93 to 1.13)	1.08 (0.96 to 1.21)	1.11 (0.96 to 1.28)	0.05	0.002
HR with fixed effect model	1.00	1.03 (0.97 to 1.10)	1.08 (1.02 to 1.15)	1.11 (1.04 to 1.19)	<0.001

*Follow-up from 1984 to 2012.

†Hazard ration adjusted for age, race/ethnicity (white, African-American, Asian, Hispanic, other), body mass index, current smoking status, physical activity, weight change per food frequency questionnaire cycle, menopausal status (in NHS and NHS II), alcohol intake, current oral contraceptive use (in NHS II), analgesic use (non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, acetaminophen (paracetamol), aspirin), family history of hypertension, total energy intake, animal flesh intake (combination of processed and unprocessed red meat, poultry, and seafood), whole grains (fifths), sugar sweetened drink intake, artificially sweetened diet drink intake, total fruit, total vegetables.

‡Follow-up from 1991 to 2011.

§Follow-up from 1986 to 2012.