Table 3.

African-American LGBT Shared Decision Making – Illustrative Examples

Reference	Study Objectives	Study Design	Population Characteristics	Results Summary	What’s missing
Bith-Melander et al.68	Examine the needs of transgender ethnic minorities and explore attitudes towards healthcare in this population.	Ethnographic qualitative study. Focus groups and in-depth interviews with youth and adults.	Transgender youth and adults of color in San Francisco. Group included Asian/Pacific Islander, African-American and Latino(a) individuals. 8 African-American individuals (7 youth, 1 adult) participated in the focus groups. 6 African-American individuals (4 youth, 2 adults) participated in the in-depth interviews.	Individuals described concerns that healthcare providers may not be culturally competent, which resulted in waiting to obtain healthcare until it was critical. The Latino (a) group noted that healthcare providers were not versed in the needs of transgender individuals.	Lacks discussion on specific patient-provider interaction and shared decisions. Does not focus on African-American adults since the majority of participants are youth.
Curtis et al.67	Explore end of life discussions between providers and patients with advanced HIV, and the characteristics of participants.	Prospective cohort study. Structured in-person interviews were conducted with patients. Telephone interviews were conducted with practitioners.	57 patients with AIDS and their primary care clinicians in Seattle. Patients were recruited from community-based organizations, university and private clinics and an AIDS research clinic. Practitioners were recruited from community and university settings. 16 % of patients were African-American. 65 % identified as gay or bisexual.	African-American patients were less likely to report engaging in discussions on end of life care. Gay or bisexual men were more likely to have discussed end of life care than men who were drug injectors or women with high-risk sex partners.	Includes both African-American and gay or bisexual participants but no data on intersectionality between these two groups.
Schneider et al.20	Examine the interaction between patient/physician relationship and rate of adherence to antiretroviral therapy for patients with HIV.	Cross-sectional analysis. Adherence was measured by a 4-item self-report scale. Physician-patient relationship was assessed using several scales, including participatory decision making.	554 participants with HIV on antiretroviral medication from 22 outpatient HIV practices in the Boston area. 14.5 % were African-American. 57.4 % were MSM.	Adherence was significantly and independently associated with general communication, HIV-specific information, overall physician satisfaction, willingness to recommend, trust and adherence dialogue.	Intersectionality between race and gender identity and/or sexual orientation not explicated.