Table 4.
Whole brain analysis of the effects of active listening and cognitive load in the n-back working memory task, FWE corrected values at p < 0.05 (T = 5.3).
| Brain region | Cluster size | Z | p-value | X | Y | Z |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Sound (Active listening > Silence) | ||||||
| L insula | 2353 | 7.7 | 0.001 | −32 | 22 | 1 |
| L superior temporal gyrus | −59 | −38 | 16 | |||
| L transverse temporal (Heschl) gyrus | −35 | −32 | 13 | |||
| R superior temporal gyrus | 2979 | 7.39 | 0.001 | 67 | −29 | 13 |
| R insula | 37 | 22 | 1 | |||
| R anterior insula | 40 | 10 | 1 | |||
| R medial frontal gyrus (BA 8) | 894 | 6.67 | 0.001 | 4 | 31 | 43 |
| R superior frontal gyrus (BA 6) | 4 | 10 | 58 | |||
| R superior frontal gyrus white matter | 7 | 19 | 49 | |||
| Working memory (3-back > 1-back) | ||||||
| Cingulate gyrus | 2847 | 7.37 | 0.001 | 1 | 22 | 46 |
| L anterior insula | −32 | 22 | −2 | |||
| R middle frontal gyrus | 31 | 7 | 52 | |||
| Inferior parietal lobe (BA 7) | 1573 | 9.86 | 0.001 | 34 | −62 | 43 |
| Precuneus | 7 | −65 | 52 | |||
| Inferior parietal lobe (BA 40) | ||||||
| R thalamus | 40 | 5.21 | 0.014 | 10 | −23 | 16 |
| L anterioventral thalamus | 27 | 5.17 | 0.036 | −8 | −17 | 16 |
| 3-back > silence | ||||||
| L anterior insula | 2960 | 7.59 | 0.001 | −32 | 22 | 1 |
| R anterior cingulate cortex | 4 | 19 | 46 | |||
| R middle frontal gyrus | 31 | 7 | 58 | |||
| L supramarginal gyrus | 618 | 7.12 | 0.001 | −50 | −47 | 52 |
| L Inferior parietal lobe (BA 7) | −32 | −62 | 46 | |||
| L Inferior parietal lobe (white matter) | −32 | −44 | 40 | |||
| L Inferior parietal lobe (white matter) | 535 | 7.00 | 0.001 | 37 | −53 | 43 |
| R Inferior parietal lobe (white matter) | 49 | −44 | 46 | |||
| R cerebellum (declive) | 40 | 6.1 | 0.01 | 37 | −62 | −26 |
| R lentiform | 29 | 5.68 | 0.03 | 19 | 4 | 16 |
| L cerebellum (declive) | 26 | 5.62 | 0.04 | −35 | −62 | −29 |
| L middle frontal gyrus | 77 | 5.13 | 0.001 | −41 | 52 | 1 |
| L middle frontal gyrus (BA10) | −32 | 49 | 10 | |||
| 1-back > silence | ||||||
| Left supplemental motor area (BA 6) | 244 | 6.16 | 0.001 | −8 | 13 | 46 |
| Left supplemental motor area | −5 | 7 | 52 | |||
| L anterior insula | 163 | 5.79 | 0.001 | −29 | 19 | 10 |
| L insula (BA 13) | −38 | 13 | 7 | |||
| L insula (BA 13) | −44 | 4 | 4 | |||
| L inferior occipital lobe | 116 | 5.71 | 0.001 | −29 | −89 | −8 |
| L inferior occipital gyrus | −41 | −74 | −8 | |||
| L fusiform gyrus | −41 | −53 | −17 | |||
| L rolandic operculum | 42 | 5.51 | 0.003 | −32 | −32 | 16 |
| L postcentral gyrus | 125 | 5.26 | 0.001 | −47 | −32 | 52 |
| L inferior parietal white matter | −32 | −44 | 40 | |||
| L inferior frontal gyrus (BA 9) | 70 | 5.24 | 0.001 | −56 | 7 | 34 |
| R cerebellum (culmen) | 50 | 5.16 | 0.002 | 22 | −53 | −29 |
| R cerebellum (culmen) | 34 | −56 | −29 | |||
| R transverse temporal gyrus | 29 | 5.04 | 0.011 |
Note. p-value denotes familywise error rate (FWR) corrected probabilities. L and R indicate left and right hemisphere, respectively. BA denotes Brodmann area; X, Y, and Z coordinates are given in MNI space.