Table 1. The impact of HIV, SLE and CDAD on the amino acid metabolism of gut bacteria.
| Metabolite | Mass (m/z) | Peak area (arbitrary units) |
p value | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| SLE | CDADt+ | VU | IR | INR | HC5 | |||
| Proline | 115.0628 (LC+) | 1,029,779 (133,679–1,790,834) | 184,318 (122,879–345,450) | 01,4 | 01,4 | 01,4 | 1,259,095 (86,950–1,944,313) | <0.00026 |
| Phenyl alanine | 165.0796 (LC+) | 476,712 (71,275–2,687,654) | 644,264 (607,695–702,184) | 02,4 | 01,4 | 01,4 | 1,573,890 (201,340–4,241,643) | <0.00026 |
| Lysine | 146.1054 (LC-) | 23,299 (9,153–36,369) | 9,929 (6,619–18,407) | 03,4 | 01,4 | 01,4 | 36,045 (12,548–62,984) | <0.00021 |
| 3-Hydroxy-anthranilate | 153.0428 (LC-) | 0 | 0 | 4,187 (4,187–13,706) | 13,973 (6,991–16,557) | 5339 (3,559–15,461) | 0 | <0.00016 |
The Table shows the median ± interquartile range of key metabolite features that were differentially (and statistically) accumulated in the HIV (VU, IR and INR), SLE and CDADt+ groups of patients and healthy controls (p values < 0.05; for exact values see Supplementary Table S2). Separation and quantification were performed as described in the Methods section.
1Abundance levels of ornithine (m/z 132.0899) and feruloyl putrescine (m/z 264.1467) involved in the biosynthesis and degradation of proline, respectively, was below detection limit.
2Abundance level of 6-deoxy-5-keto-fructose-1-phosphate (m/z 242.0188) and chorismate/prephenate (m/z 226.0478) involved in the biosynthesis of phenylalanine, and the further degradation product cinnamate (m/z 148.0525) were below detection limit.
3Abundance levels of homoserine (m/z 119.0583) and N-acetyl-2-amino-6-oxopimelate (m/z 231.0732) involved in the biosynthesis of lysine, and the further degradation product N-acetyl-lysine (m/z 188.1159) were below detection limit.
4At least 34 di- and tripeptides containing Pro, Phe and/or Lys (m/z 186.0997, 228.1467, 257.1383, 259.189, 259.1902, 260.1375, 262.079, 273.1801, 278.1626, 337.1145, 348.1643, 364.1753, 371.2153, 373.208, 373.2214, 384.2497, 386.1753, 386.1915, 388.233, 398.1946, 398.1972, 400.2276, 403.2204, 409.1673, 414.1706, 417.2011, 432.2021, 432.2029, 442.2119, 445.2682, 450.2228, 468.2175, 475.1798, and 537.2395), were also below the detection limit in HIV-infected patients. Thus, a lower ability of gut ecosystem to transport and convert peptides to free Pro, Phe and Lys amino acids could be suggested.
5HC included both lean and high BMI individuals.