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. 2016 Mar 8;7(1):e26591. doi: 10.5812/asjsm.26591

Table 6. Introduction of Characteristics of the Sport to Introduce Proper Visual Tests.

Characteristics of Sport Definition and Classification
Nature Archery is the sport of using bows and arrows. In this sport, the archer shoots at the target from different distances. Usually 6 shots are available for every distance. Targets are composed of concentric circles with the innermost circle in yellow. The yellow circle has the highest score. Concerning the nature of this sport, it can be said that it is repetitive because a specific act is iterated several times during the contest. Hence, shooting an arrow and hitting the yellow circle does not prove superiority because only repetition of this score in a day defines superiority. Therefore, archery is a controlled sport.
illumination condition Archery is practiced in two different spaces and is named after it as outdoor target archery and indoor target archery. The former one is practiced during the day under sunlight or in a hall with photopic illumination conditions.
visualcharacteristic Archery is a static sport. The archer takes a fixed position while shooting and thus, the visual information obtained from the environment is invariant too. This information helps the athlete show a proper motor response based on the information. This is unlike dynamic sports in which the athlete takes very different positions and has to re-analyse visual information every time he/she takes a new position.
Visual demand The visual skills required for every sport include two chief visual skills (aiming and anticipation). The role of each of the two skills depends on the nature of the sport. Aiming is the ability to take a suitable stand in relation to the target while anticipation is the athlete’s ability to get and hit the ball. This skill reduces the response time and helps the athlete make the right decision about how to hit the ball, hold the racket and such. This skill is influenced by other skills such as eye motion, visual acuity, contrast sensitivity, eye-hand coordination, and depth perception. Therefore, knowing this fact, it is possible to predict and assess the demands of the archery sport more accurately.