Table 1.
First identification and origin of emerging tick-borne infections in mainland China since 1982
| First identified origin* | First identified province (year)† | Reference (subsequent investigations) | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Spotted fever group rickettsiae | ||||
| Rickettsia heilongjiangiensis | Dermacentor silvarum | Heilongjiang (1982) | 5 (6,8,35–45) | |
| Rickettsia sibirica sp BJ-90 | Dermacentor sinicus | Beijing (1990) | 7 (46) | |
| Rickettsia sibirica sp mongolotimonae | Hyalomm asiaticum kozlovi | Inner Mongolia (1991) | 7 | |
| Rickettsia monacensis | Ixodes persulcatus | Henan, Anhui, and Hubei provinces (2006) | 8 (44,47) | |
| Rickettsia raoultii | D silvarum | Xinjiang (2011) | 9 (48–50) | |
| Rickettsia slovaca | D silvarum | Xinjiang (2011) | 9 (50,51) | |
| Candidatus Rickettsia hebeiii | Haemaphysalis longicornis | Hebei (2011) | 10 (52) | |
| Candidatus Rickettsia tarasevichiae | Man (I persulctus) | Heilongjiang (2012) | 11 | |
| Anaplasmataceae | ||||
| Ehrlichia chaffeensis | Amblyomma testudinarium | Yunan (1996) | 12 (32,36,53–62) | |
| Ehrlichia canis | Rhipicephalus sanguineus sensu stricto | Guangdong (1997) | 13 (16,57,63) | |
| Ehrlichia sp Tibet | Rhipicephalus microplus | Tibet (2000) | 14 | |
| Anaplasma phagocytophilum | I persulcatus | Heilongjiang (1997) | 15 (36,51,53–55,62–75) | |
| Anaplasma platys | Dog | Guangdong (1998) | 16 (63) | |
| Anaplasma capra‡ | Goat | Heilongjiang (2014) | 17 | |
| Candidatus Neoehrlichia mikurensis | Man (I persulctus) | Heilongjiang (2010) | 18 (76,77) | |
| Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato | ||||
| Borrelia garinii | Man (I persulcatus) | Heilongjiang (1986) | 19 (21,23,36,54,78–91) | |
| Borrelia valaisiana | Ixodes granulatus (Apodemus agrarius) | Zhejiang (1997) | 20 (86,92) | |
| Borrelia sinica | Niviventer confucianus | Chongqing (1997) | 20 | |
| Borrelia afzelii | Man | Heilongjiang (2000) | 21 (36,78,79,81,83–85,90) | |
| Borrelia valaisiana-related genospecies | I granulatus, H longicornis (A agrarius) | Guizhou (2006) | 22 (78,83,86,88) | |
| Borrelia burgdorferi sensu stricto | Caprolagus sinensis | Hunan (2010) | 23 (92) | |
| Babesia spp | ||||
| Babesia ovis | Sheep | Sichuan (1982) | 24 (93) | |
| Babesia major | H longicornis (cattle) | Henan (1988) | 25 (94) | |
| Babesia ovata | Cattle | Henan (1990) | 26 (95) | |
| Babesia orientalis | Buffalo | Hubei (1997) | 27 (96,97) | |
| Babesia motasi | Sheep | Gansu (1997) | 28 (98,99) | |
| Babesia caballi | D silvarum, Dermacentor nuttalli | Gansu (1998) | 29 (100–102) | |
| Babesia sp Kashi | Hyalomma anatolicum | Xinjiang (2005) | 30 (103) | |
| Babesia sp Xinjiang | R sanguineus sensu stricto, H anatolicum | Xinjiang (2007) | 31 (103) | |
| Babesia microti | I persulcatus, Haemaphysalis concinna | Heilongjiang (2007) | 32 (36,104–107) | |
| Babesia divergens | I persulcatus, H concinna, Haemaphysalis japonica (A agrarius) | Heilongjiang (2007) | 32 (36,108) | |
| Babesia venatorum‡ | Man | Xinjiang (2012) | 33 (109) | |
| SFTSV | Man | Henan (2009) | 34 (110–118) | |
SFTSV=severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome virus.
*
First identified origin of each emerging tick-associated agent, including man, domestic animal, rodent, and tick. The agent that was simultaneously identified from other hosts or ticks is shown in parentheses.
†
Provinces include autonomous regions and metropolis.
‡
Not been formally described in taxonomic papers.