Table 1. Description of behavioral interventions for substance use disorders.

Contingency management (CM)	Based on the principle of positive reinforcement as a means of operant conditioning to influence behavior change. The premise behind CM is to systematically use reinforcement techniques, usually monetary vouchers, to modify behavior in a positive and supportive manner. Originally used for the treatment of cocaine users, it has since been used for opioids, marijuana, cigarettes, alcohol, benzodiazepines, and other drugs.
Motivational interviewing (MI)	A patient-centered, collaborative and highly empathic counselling style for eliciting behavior change by helping clients to explore and resolve ambivalence. It draws from the trans theoretical model of change in order to improve treatment readiness and retention.
Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT)	A psychotherapeutic treatment that uses an easy-to-learn set of strategies to help patients understand the situations that lead them to undesirable thoughts, feelings, or behaviors, to then avoid those situations when possible, and to deal more effectively with such situations when they occur. The goal of these strategies is to break old patterns of responding and replace them with new ones.