. 2016 Apr 22;7(5):1985–1999. doi: 10.1364/BOE.7.001985

Table 1.

A compilation from the literature of previous models of the human lens, including the AVOCADO model.

Geometrical properties	Smith et al. [15] elliptical	Liou and Brennan [16]	Navarro et al. 2007 [5]	Goncharov and Dainty [7]	Diaz et al. [17]	Manns, de Castro et al. [8, 14]	Navarro 2014 [18]	Sheil et al. [1]	AIS [13]	AVOCADO
P_z (axial) & P_y (radial) decoupled	✓	✓	—	✓	✓	✓	—	—	✓	✓
ref index max order axial	6	2	P	4	3	P1 = P(0)	P	2P	P_z	P_z = 2P
ref index max order radial	6	2	P	4	2	$P 2 = P (\frac{π}{2})$	P	2P	P_y	$P_{y} = \frac{2 P}{(m + 1)}$
surface asphericity order	2	2	2	2	2	2	2	3	3	3
invertibility for raytracing	✓	—	✓	✓	—	✓	✓	✓	✓	✓
analytical raytracing	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	✓	✓	✓

Structural features

accommodation	✓	—	✓	—	—	—	—	✓	✓	✓
GRIN ageing (axial)	✓	—	✓	✓	✓	✓	✓	✓	✓	✓
GRIN ageing (radial)	✓	—	✓	✓	✓	✓	✓	✓	✓	✓

Bio-mechanical features

volume	✓,K^†	—	—	—	—	—	—	✓,K	✓,K	✓,K
smooth join	✓,K	—	—	✓,K	—	—	—	✓	✓,K	✓
concentricity of iso-indicial contours	✓	—	✓	✓	✓	✓	—	✓	✓	✓

Optical properties

Power (bulk)	P_z, P_y	P_z, P_y	P_z, K	P_z, P_y	P_z, P_y	P(θ)	P_z	P_z	P_z, P_y	P_z, P_y
SA (bulk)	P_y	P_y	P_z	P_y	P_y	P(θ)	P_z	P_z	P_y	P_y
OPL	P_z	P_z	P_z	P_z	P_z	P₁	P_z	P_z	P_z	P_z

Decoupling of optical properties

power and SA (bulk)	✓	—	—	✓	✓	✓	—	—	—	✓
power and OPL	✓	✓	—	✓	✓	✓	—	—	✓	✓
power and conics	✓	✓	—	✓	✓	✓	✓	✓	✓	✓

^{^†}

The presence of conic constant K on a line indicates that K is tied to represent that feature and is not available for any other properties. For example, in elliptical models, K must be used to ensure a smooth join at the equator, and is not available for other use.