Plot of frequency of C = C (ν1) versus C-C stretching vibration (ν2) for beta-carotene isomers (black squares, values from [53]), colonic mucosa showing endoscopic MH (grey circle, our data), colonic mucosa showing endoscopic inflammation (red circle, our data), cancerous colon tissue (blue diamond [21],), cancerous breast tissue (pink triangle [22],), cancerous lung tissue (green triangle [37],). Figure adapted from [53].