Table 4.
Risk of new and progressed fractures (hazard ratios and 95% confidence intervals) for various predictor variables at any level and according to level and treatment
| Predictor variable | Hazard Ratio | (95% Confidence Intervals) |
|---|---|---|
| Any level | ||
| Age (years) | 1.02 | (1.00, 1.05) |
| Female | 1.03 | (0.54, 1.98) |
| Bisphosphonate use at baseline | 1.12 | (0.55, 2.27) |
| Current treatment for osteoporosis* | 0.96 | (0.56, 1.64) |
| Glucocorticoid use at baseline | 1.26 | (0.78, 2.05) |
| Duration of glucocorticoids | 1.01 | (0.98, 1.03) |
| Previous spinal fracture | 1.39 | (0.85, 2.26) |
| Lumbar spine T score | 0.91 | (0.76, 1.09) |
| Lumbar spine T score ≤ −2.5 | 1.24 | (0.67, 2.29) |
| Femoral neck T score | 0.92 | (0.72, 1.19) |
| Femoral neck T score ≤ −2.5 | 1.14 | (0.69, 1.90) |
| Total cement volume† | 0.91 | (0.71, 1.17) |
| Relative cement volume† | 1.31 | (0.15, 11.5) |
| Any cement leakage† | 1.20 | (0.63, 2.31) |
| Treated lumbar fracture‡ | 0.69 | (0.43, 1.10) |
| Adjacent level | ||
| Age (years) | 1.06 | (0.99, 1.13) |
| Female | 0.95 | (0.20, 4.40) |
| Bisphosphonate use at baseline | - | - |
| Current treatment for osteoporosis* | 0.86 | (0.29, 2.59) |
| Glucocorticoid use at baseline | 0.70 | (0.22, 2.21) |
| Duration of glucocorticoids | 0.97 | (0.84, 1.11) |
| Previous spinal fracture | 1.08 | (0.39, 2.99) |
| Lumbar spine T score | 0.81 | (0.51, 1.29) |
| Lumbar spine T score ≤ −2.5 | 0.92 | (0.24, 3.48) |
| Femoral neck T score | 0.71 | (0.39, 1.30) |
| Femoral neck T score ≤ −2.5 | 1.89 | (0.56, 6.36) |
| Total cement volume† | 1.06 | (0.66, 1.70) |
| Relative cement volume† | 4.45 | (0.07, 296) |
| Any cement leakage† | 0.85 | (0.21, 3.42) |
| Treated lumbar fracture‡ | 1.06 | (0.37, 3.03) |
| Non-adjacent level | ||
| Age (years) | 1.02 | (0.98, 1.06) |
| Female | 1.09 | (0.41, 2.87) |
| Bisphosphonate use at baseline | 1.56 | (0.47, 5.17) |
| Current treatment for osteoporosis* | 1.10 | (0.47, 2.58) |
| Glucocorticoid use at baseline | 1.65 | (0.80, 3.39) |
| Duration of glucocorticoids | 1.02 | (0.99, 1.04) |
| Previous spinal fracture | 2.82 | (1.20, 6.61) |
| Lumbar spine T score | 0.85 | (0.66, 1.10) |
| Lumbar spine T score ≤ −2.5 | 1.66 | (0.63, 4.36) |
| Femoral neck T score | 0.95 | (0.66, 1.36) |
| Femoral neck T score ≤ −2.5 | 0.85 | (0.41, 1.78) |
| Total cement volume† | 0.77 | (0.51, 1.16) |
| Relative cement volume† | 3.52 | (0.09, 131) |
| Any cement leakage† | 0.69 | (0.24, 1.99) |
| Treated lumbar fracture‡ | 0.52 | (0.24, 1.11) |
| Treated level | ||
| Age (years) | 1.01 | (0.97, 1.05) |
| Female | 1.00 | (0.34, 2.96) |
| Bisphosphonate use at baseline | 0.52 | (0.21, 1.33) |
| Current treatment for osteoporosis* | 0.88 | (0.37, 2.14) |
| Glucocorticoid use at baseline | 1.26 | (0.56, 2.84) |
| Duration of glucocorticoids | 0.97 | (0.89, 1.06) |
| Previous spinal fracture | 0.77 | (0.35, 1.73) |
| Lumbar spine T score | 1.05 | (0.78, 1.43) |
| Lumbar spine T score ≤ −2.5 | 1.00 | (0.36, 2.78) |
| Femoral neck T score | 1.02 | (0.66, 1.57) |
| Femoral neck T score ≤ −2.5 | 1.33 | (0.54, 3.27) |
| Total cement volume† | 0.99 | (0.64, 1.53) |
| Relative cement volume† | 0.22 | (0.01, 8.80) |
| Any cement leakage† | 3.14 | (0.94, 10.4) |
| Treated lumbar fracture‡ | 0.87 | (0.39, 1.94) |
| Untreated level | ||
| Age (years) | 1.03 | (1.00, 1.06) |
| Female | 1.04 | (0.46, 2.37) |
| Bisphosphonate use at baseline | 2.31 | (0.71, 7.51) |
| Current treatment for osteoporosis* | 1.01 | (0.52, 1.97) |
| Glucocorticoid use at baseline | 1.27 | (0.70, 2.31) |
| Duration of glucocorticoids | 1.01 | (0.99, 1.04) |
| Previous spinal fracture | 1.96 | (1.04, 3.70) |
| Lumbar spine T score | 0.84 | (0.67, 1.05) |
| Lumbar spine T score ≤ −2.5 | 1.39 | (0.64, 3.01) |
| Femoral neck T score | 0.88 | (0.64, 1.20) |
| Femoral neck T score ≤ −2.5 | 1.06 | (0.57, 1.97) |
| Total cement volume† | 0.87 | (0.64, 1.19) |
| Relative cement volume† | 3.89 | (0.25, 60.2) |
| Any cement leakage† | 0.74 | (0.32, 1.73) |
| Treated lumbar fracture‡ | 0.66 | (0.36, 1.21) |
*
Includes bisphosphonates, raloxifene and strontium ranelate
†
Vertebroplasty patients only included in analysis.
‡
compared with treated thoracic fracture