TABLE 1.

Nonneuromuscular disorders that can cause elevated creatine kinase

Endocrine disorders

Hyperthyroidism (rare)

Hypothyroidism

Hyperparathyroidism

Acromegaly

Cushing syndrome

Metabolic disturbances

Hyponatremia

Hypokalemia

Hypophosphatemia

Muscle trauma

Strenuous exercise

Intramuscular injections

Needle electromyography

Seizures

Medications

Statins

Fibrates

Antiretrovirals

Beta-blockers

Clozapine

Angiotensin II receptor blockers

Hydroxychloroquine

Isotretinoin

Colchicine

Others

Celiac disease

Malignancy

Macro CK

Surgery

Pregnancy

Cardiac disease

Acute kidney disease

Viral illness

Predisposition to malignant hyperthermia