Table 1. Demographic, laboratory and cardiac computed tomography angiography (CCTA) findings in patients with and without cardiac events.
| Variable | All Patients (n = 152) | Patients w/o CAD or Luminal Narrowing <50% (n = 104) | Patients with Luminal Narrowing ≥50% (n = 48) | P value |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Clinical data | ||||
| Age, years | 64±10 | 63±9 | 67±11 | NS |
| 1. Advanced age > 65yrs. | 74 (49%) | 42(40%) | 32(67%) | NS |
| 2. Male gender, % | 87 (57%) | 54(52%) | 33 (69%) | NS |
| 3. Arterial hypertension | 121 (80%) | 80(77%) | 41(85%) | 0.03 |
| 4. Hyperlipidemia | 87 (57%) | 56(54%) | 31(65%) | NS |
| 5. Smoking | 64 (42%) | 44(42%) | 20(42%) | NS |
| 6. Diabetes mellitus | 14 (9%) | 8(8%) | 6 (13%) | NS |
| 7. Family history of CAD | 70 (46%) | 49(47%) | 21(44%) | NS |
| Sum of risk factors (0–7) | 2.5±1.2 | 2.4±1.1 | 3.0±1.2 | 0.003 |
| Body mass index, kg/m² | 27.3±4.8 | 26.6±4.2 | 28.6±5.7 | 0.02 |
| Duke Clinical Score, % | 60±29 | 58±28 | 66±29 | NS |
| Laboratory data & biomarkers | ||||
| Serum creatine, mg/dl | 0.9±0.2 | 0.9±0.2 | 1.0±0.3 | 0.02 |
| Serum urea, mg/dl | 36.5±10.4 | 35.3±9.5 | 40.0±11.5 | 0.01 |
| GFR-MDRD, ml/min/1.73m2 | 79.9±19.8 | 81.2±19.5 | 77.0±21.0 | NS |
| Hs-CRP, mg/l | 2.3±2.4 | 2.1±2.1 | 2,7±2.3 | NS |
| Hs-TnT, pg/ml | 10.7±6.1 | 10.3±5.1 | 11.6±8.0 | NS |
| Total Cholesterol, mg/dl | 200.1±43.6 | 204±44 | 189.0±42.2 | NS |
| LDL-Cholesterol, mg/dl | 116.2±36.7 | 119±37.0 | 106.2±36.3 | NS |
| HDL-Cholesterol, mg/dl | 55.2±16.7 | 55±17 | 55.3±18.2 | NS |
| Triglycerides, mg/dl | 140.6±104.6 | 143±117 | 136.7±74.3 | NS |
| Cardiac computed tomography data | ||||
| Calcium score, Agatston Units | 52 (0–320) | 9 (0–174) | 247 (39–522) | <0.001 |
| Number of plaques per patient | 1.0 (0–3.0) | 0.0 (0–2.0) | 2.5 (1.0–4.9) | <0.001 |
| Total plaque volume, mm³ | 9.2 (0–83.0) | 0.0 (0–49.5) | 67.5 (9.2–178.1) | <0.001 |
| Non-calc. plaque volume, mm³ | 0.0 (0–28.2) | 0.0 (0–14.6) | 13.2 (0–83.9) | <0.001 |
| Maximal lumen narrowing, % | 38.0 (0–61.7) | 0.0 (0–42.3) | 54.5 (26.4–76.0) | <0.001 |
| Positive remodeling, % | 36(24%) | 11 (10%) | 25(56%) | <0.0001 |
| ECAT volume, cm3 | 116 (80–174) | 108 (73–167) | 119.0 (82–196) | 0.04 |
| Cardiac medications | ||||
| ß-blockers, % | 74(49%) | 49(46%) | 25(56%) | NS |
| ACE inhibitors/AT II blockers, % | 36(24%) | 26 (25%) | 10 (22%) | NS |
| Aspirin or Clopidogrel, % | 79 (52%) | 46 (44%) | 33(69%) | 0.004 |
| Diuretics, % | 29 (19%) | 19(23%) | 10(27%) | NS |
| Statins, % | 69(45%) | 36(34%) | 33(73%) | <0.001 |
CCTA-based data are presented as median (interquartile range), all other data are presented mean±SD or as proportions. Hs-TnT indicate high sensitive troponin T; hs-CRP, high-sensitive C-reactive protein; eCAT, epicardial adipose tissue; ACE, angiotensin-converting enzyme; AT, angiotensin; GFR-MDRD, Glomerular Filtration Rate estimated by the Modification of Diet in Renal Disease method.