Table 3. Contributing factors for the spontaneous reporting of adverse drug reactions.
| Characteristics | Reporting group, n (%) | Non- reporting group, n (%) | ORunadj (95% CI) | ORadj (95% CI)* |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age group | ||||
| ≤ 40 years | 108 (37.0) | 226 (32.5) | 1.0 | 1.0 |
| 41–50 years | 105 (36.0) | 243 (34.9) | 0.90 (0.65–1.25) | 0.91 (0.59–1.40) |
| 51–60 years | 64 (21.9) | 151 (21.7) | 0.88 (0.61–1.29) | 0.71 (0.43–1.16) |
| ≥ 61 years | 15 (5.1) | 76 (10.9) | 0.41 (0.23–0.75)† | 0.16 (0.06–0.42)† |
| Sex | ||||
| Female | 142 (48.6) | 435 (62.1) | 1.0 | 1.0 |
| Male | 150 (51.4) | 265 (37.9) | 1.73 (1.32–2.29)† | 1.39 (0.95–2.03) |
| Career in community pharmacy | ||||
| ≤ 10 years | 98 (34.1) | 303 (44.6) | 1.0 | 1.0 |
| 11–20 years | 109 (38.0) | 201 (29.6) | 1.68 (1.21–2.32)† | 1.62 (0.98–2.68) |
| ≥ 21 years | 80 (27.9) | 175 (25.8) | 1.41 (0.99–2.00) | 1.79 (0.88–3.65) |
| Prior experience of ADR | ||||
| No | 5 (1.7) | 120 (17.1) | 1.0 | 1.0 |
| Yes | 289 (98.3) | 583 (82.9) | 11.90 (4.81–29.43)† | 6.46 (2.46–16.98)† |
| General knowledge of SR | ||||
| Low (0–1 item) | 16 (5.5) | 297 (43.4) | 1.0 | 1.0 |
| Moderate (2 items) | 87 (30.1) | 192 (28.0) | 8.41 (4.79–14.77)† | 11.71 (5.73–23.91)† |
| High (3–4 items) | 186 (64.4) | 196 (28.6) | 17.62 (10.25–30.28)† | 23.89 (11.80–48.35)† |
| Knowledge on eligible reporters and reportable items | ||||
| Low (0 item) | 120 (40.8) | 455 (64.7) | 1.0 | 1.0 |
| Moderate (1 item) | 118 (40.1) | 197 (28.0) | 2.27 (1.68–3.08)† | 1.56 (1.06–2.31)† |
| High (2 items) | 56 (19.0) | 51 (7.3) | 4.16 (2.71–6.40)† | 3.58 (1.96–6.56)† |
| Professional responsibility | ||||
| No | 5 (1.7) | 35 (5.0) | 1.0 | 1.0 |
| Yes | 289 (98.3) | 667 (95.0) | 3.03 (1.18–7.82)† | 2.29 (0.67–7.82) |
| Level of attitudes towards obstacles to SR | ||||
| Low (≤ 3 items) | 132 (50.0) | 166 (28.0) | 1.0 | 1.0 |
| Moderate (4–5 items) | 81 (30.7) | 198 (33.4) | 0.51 (0.36–0.73)† | 0.59 (0.38–0.91)† |
| High (≥ 6 items) | 51 (19.3) | 228 (38.5) | 0.28 (0.19–0.41)† | 0.36 (0.23–0.57)† |
| Attitudes towards strategies to improve SR | ||||
| Low (≤ 6 items) | 80 (28.7) | 158 (25.8) | 1.0 | 1.0 |
| Moderate (7 items) | 66 (23.7) | 146 (23.8) | 0.89 (0.60–1.33) | 0.84 (0.51–1.39) |
| High (8 items) | 133 (47.7) | 309 (50.4) | 0.85 (0.60–1.19) | 0.79 (0.51–1.24) |
| Location of pharmacy | ||||
| Rural areas | 112 (38.2) | 271 (38.3) | 1.0 | 1.0 |
| Metropolitan areas | 181 (61.8) | 436 (61.7) | 1.00 (0.76–1.33) | 0.96 (0.65–1.42) |
| Daily prescription volume | ||||
| ≤ 75 | 138 (47.3) | 332 (47.9) | 1.0 | 1.0 |
| 76–150 | 94 (32.2) | 229 (33.0) | 0.99 (0.72–1.35) | 0.85 (0.55–1.30) |
| ≥151 | 60 (20.5) | 132 (19.0) | 1.09 (0.76–1.57) | 1.10 (0.65–1.85) |
*Multivariate analysis adjusting for all variables in the table based on 774 pharmacists.
†p < 0.05.
Abbreviations: ORunadj, unadjusted odds ratio; ORadj, adjusted odds ratio; CI, confidence interval; ADR, adverse drug reaction; SR, spontaneous reporting.