Table 6. Correlations between 13 selected urinary metals and lung function.

Metal	FEV1(L)		FEV1/FVC (%)
	r (95%CI)	p-value	r (95%CI)	p-value
Cr	0.01(-0.05, 0.07)	0.7839	-0.13(-0.18, -0.06)	<0.0001
Mn	0.07(0.01, 0.14)	0.0165	0.26(0.20, 0.31)	<0.0001
Fe	0.08(0.02, 0.14)	0.0095	0.31(0.26, 0.37)	<0.0001
Ni	0.08(0.02, 0.14)	0.0146	0.25(0.19, 0.31)	<0.0001
Cu	0.01(-0.05, 0.07)	0.714	-0.09(-0.15, -0.03)	0.0055
Zn	0.05(-0.01, 0.11)	0.1244	0.16(0.10, 0.22)	<0.0001
Se	-0.06(-0.12, 0.01)	0.0644	-0.18(-0.24, -0.12)	<0.0001
Rb	-0.01(-0.07, 0.05)	0.6767	0.12(0.06, 0.18)	0.0002
Mo	-0.04(-0.10, 0.03)	0.2564	-0.19(-0.25, -0.13)	<0.0001
Cd	-0.10(-0.16, -0.03)	0.0022	-0.12(-0.18, -0.06)	<0.0001
Ba	0.03(-0.03, 0.09)	0.2803	0.12(0.06, 0.18)	<0.0001
Pb	-0.01(-0.07, 0.05)	0.7126	0.16(0.10, 0.22)	<0.0001
U	0.01(-0.05, 0.07)	0.7213	-0.06(-0.12, 0.01)	0.0681

Abbreviation: FEV₁, forced expiratory volume in 1 s; FVC, forced vital capacity.

Adjusted for age, gender, occupational dust exposure, family history of asthma, tobacco smoking, physical activity, and body mass index.