Table 5. Hierarchical regression analyses for psychosocial resources predicting anxiety.
| Variables | Step 1(β) | Step 2(β) | Step 3(β) | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Model 1 | Model 2 | Model 1 | Model 2 | ||
| Covariates | |||||
| Age | -0.002 | -0.010 | 0.003 | 0.014 | 0.020 |
| Gender | 0.016 | 0.027 | 0.029 | 0.027 | 0.029 |
| Education1 | 0.149** | 0.049 | 0.047 | 0.017 | 0.013 |
| Education2 | 0.205*** | 0.134** | 0.142** | 0.065 | 0.067 |
| Time since diagnosis | -0.130** | -0.055 | -0.048 | -0.025 | -0.020 |
| Cancer stage | 0.078 | 0.048 | 0.045 | 0.040 | 0.037 |
| Predictors (external) | |||||
| Perceived social support | -0.407*** | -0.178*** | |||
| Perceived social support-others | - | - | |||
| Perceived social support-family | -0.422*** | -0.206*** | |||
| Perceived social support-friend | - | - | |||
| Predictors (internal) | |||||
| Hope | -0.089 | -0.087 | |||
| Optimism | -0.268*** | -0.264*** | |||
| Resilience | -0.209*** | -0.203*** | |||
| F | 5.360*** | 18.512*** | 19.765*** | 26.543*** | 27.458*** |
| R2 | 0.063 | 0.212 | 0.223 | 0.357 | 0.365 |
| Adj.R2 | 0.051 | 0.201 | 0.212 | 0.344 | 0.352 |
| R2-changes | 0.063 | 0.150 | 0.161 | 0.145 | 0.141 |
β = standardized regression coefficient; Education1 = Middle school or below vs. Junior college or above; Education2 = High school vs. Junior college or above; Adj.R2 = adjusted R2.
** p < 0.01
*** p < 0.001
There were two models (Model 1 and Model 2) in Step 2. Total score of social support was added in Model 1, and three subscales (i.e., others, friend and family) were added in Model 2 adjusted by the stepwise regression due to the high correlations among the MSPSS subscales