Table 1.

Risk factors for BSIs due to MDR pathogens.

– Local outbreaks of MDR and local epidemiology (high risk if resistance is reported in > 20% of isolates) – Previous colonization with MDR pathogens – Exposure to broad-spectrum antimicrobial agents (in particular fluo roquinolones and/or third-generation cephalosporins and/or carbapenems) within 30 days – Admission to ICU – Mechanical ventilation – Devices placement (central venous catheter or other intravascular devices, urinary catheter) – Health-care associated or hospital-acquired infections – Recent surgery or invasive procedures within 30 days – Underlying severity of illness (Charlson index of ≥3) – Neutropenia (<500 PMN/mm3)