Table 3. Statistical analysis of maternal antibody reactivity against fetal Rhesus macaque brain.
| Prevalence (n (%)) | 37 kDa | 39 kDa | 73 kDa | 37 and 73 kDa | 39 and 73 kDa | 37, 39 and 73 kDa |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| AU (n = 204) | 28 (14%) | 25 (12%) | 52 (25%) | 14 (7%) | 8 (4%) | 6 (3%) |
| AU reg (n = 100) | 12 (12%) | 16 (16%) | 31 (31%) | 8 (8%) | 6 (6%) | 4 (4%) |
| AU EO (n = 104) | 16 (15%) | 9 (9%) | 21 (20%) | 6 (6%) | 2 (2%) | 2 (2%) |
| ASD (n = 71) | 11 (16%) | 17 (24%) | 21 (30%) | 3 (4%) | 9 (13%) | 0 (0%) |
| ASD reg (n = 31) | 4 (13%) | 8 (26%) | 10 (32%) | 1 (3%) | 3 (10%) | 0 (0%) |
| ASD EO (n = 40) | 7 (18%) | 9 (23%) | 11 (28%) | 2 (5%) | 6 (15%) | 0 (0%) |
| AU and ASD (n = 275) | 39 (14%) | 42 (15%) | 73 (27%) | 17 (6%) | 17 (6%) | 6 (2%) |
| TD (n = 183) | 13 (7%) | 24 (13%) | 25 (14%) | 0 (0%) | 2 (1%) | 0 (0%) |
| DD (n = 102) | 3 (3%) | 12 (12%) | 16 (16%) | 0 (0%) | 2 (2%) | 0 (0%) |
| Significance (p value) | ||||||
| AU vs. TD | 0.0317* | 0.881 | 0.0032* | 0.0001* | 0.0376* | 0.03 |
| AU vs. DD | 0.0022* | 1.0 | 0.058 | 0.003* | 0.734 | 0.100 |
| AU vs. ASD | 0.844 | 0.034* | 0.537 | 0.572 | 0.0185* | 0.355 |
| AU vs. Controls** | 0.0047* | 0.766 | 0.0167* | 0.0077* | 0.241 | 0.005* |
| ASD vs. TD | 0.0533 | 0.0375* | 0.0057* | 0.0207* | 0.000217* | 1.0 |
| ASD vs. DD | 0.004* | 0.040* | 0.038* | 0.067 | 0.008* | 1.0 |
| ASD vs. Controls | 0.0118* | 0.0113* | 0.0157* | 0.0127* | 0.0005* | 1.0 |
| AU and ASD vs. TD | 0.0164* | 0.352 | 0.000066* | 0.00017* | 0.0025* | 0.085 |
| AU and ASD vs. DD | 0.0014* | 0.412 | 0.028* | 0.0049* | 0.114 | 0.195 |
| AU and ASD vs. Controls | 0.0018* | 0.192 | 0.0047* | 0.000026* | 0.0131* | 0.013* |
| TD vs. DD | 0.185 | 0.853 | 0.602 | 1.0 | 0.617 | 1.0 |
|
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| Odds ratios (OR ± 95% CI) | 37 kDa | 39 kDa | 73 kDa | 37 and 73 kDa | 39 and 73 kDa | 37, 39 and 73 kDa |
|
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| AU vs. TD | 2.0 (1.1–5.0) | 1.1 (0.6–2.0) | 2.6 (1.7–5.0) | 28.7 (1.7–485) | 4.8 (1–22.2) | 12.3 (0.7–220) |
| AU vs. DD | 5.34 (1.58–18) | 1.06 (1.5–2.2) | 1.87 (1.0–3.5) | 15.9 (0.9–268) | 1.5 (0.3–7.62) | 6.81 (1.4–122) |
| AU vs. Controls | 2.7 (1.4–5.4) | 1.1 (0.6–2.0) | 1.8 (1.1–2.9) | 39.4 (2.4–658) | 2.3 (0.7–7.9) | 19.1 (1.1–342) |
| ASD vs. TD | 2.4 (1.0–5.7) | 2.1 (1.1–4.2) | 2.7 (1.4–5.2) | 19 (1.0–370.5) | 13.3 (2.8–63) | NA |
| ASD vs. DD | 6.05 (1.62–23) | 2.36 (1.0–5.3) | 2.25 (1.1–4.7) | 10.5 (0.5–206) | 7.3 (1.5–34.7) | NA |
| ASD vs. Controls | 3.1 (1.3–7.2) | 2.5 (1.3–4.9) | 2.2 (1.2–4) | 23.6 (1.2–463) | 8.2 (2.4–27.8) | NA |
| AU and ASD vs. TD | 2.2 (1.1–4.3) | 1.3 (0.8–2.3) | 2.7 (1.6–4.4) | 25.4 (1.5–417) | 6.9 (1.6–29.9) | 9.0 (0.5–161) |
| AU and ASD vs. DD | 5.5 (1.6–18) | 1.3(0.7–2.7) | 1.9 (1.1–3.6) | 14.0 (0.8–235) | 3.3 (0.7–14.7) | 5.0 (0.3–89) |
| AU and ASD vs. Controls | 2.8 (1.5–5.4) | 1.4 (0.9–2.4) | 1.9 (1.2–3.0) | 31.5 (1.9–526) | 3.8 (1.3–11.4) | 14.0 (0.8–250) |
AU autism, ASD autism spectrum disorder, reg developmental regression onset, EO early onset, TD typically developing, DD developmental delay
*
significant difference between mothers of case and control children, p < 0.05
**
controls are combined TD and DD groups