Table 1.
Placebo | Metformin | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Basal | Somatostatin | Glucagon | Basal | Somatostatin | Glucagon | |
Glucose (mg/dL) | 108±3 | 103±7 b | 214±8 c | 93±3 a | 85±10 a, b | 212±10c |
Glucagon (pg/mL) | 90.7±10.0 | 54.3±7.5 b | 157.1±7.7 c | 119.1±13.5 | 60.2±6.9 b | 156.6±11.5 c |
Insulin (μU/mL) | 13.2±1.4 | 0.53±0.06 b | 5.4±1.4 c | 11.4±1.5 a | 0.46±0.05 b | 4.7±0.5 |
C-peptide (nmol/L) | 1.31±0.09 | 0.33±0.02 b | 0.46±0.03 c | 1.13±0.08 a | 0.28±0.02a,b | 0.38±0.03a,c |
Leucine C Flux | 95.0±4.2 | 89.6±3.5 b | 85.5±4.0 c | 93.0±1.7 | 90.2±2.0 b | 87.6±2.4 |
Leucine Oxidation | 19.9±1.2 | 16.5±1.2 b | 23.7±1.7 c | 18.3±0.8 | 16.4±0.7 | 19.8±1.3a,c |
Leu Protein Synthesis | 75.1±3.8 | 73.2±3.5 b | 61.8±3.5 c | 74.7±2.0 | 73.8±2.0 b | 67.8±2.0a,c |
Leucine N Flux | 155.0±6.3 | 197.9±7.5 b | 215.1±12.5 c | 159.3±6.2 | 204.7±6.1 b | 230.4±9.4c |
Leucine Transamination | 79.9±4.2 | 124.8±7.1 b | 149.8±10.2 c | 84.5±4.7 a | 130.9±4.6 b | 165.0±7.8 c |
Leucine Reamination | 60.0±4.2 | 108.3±4.2 b | 126.1±10.0 c | 66.3±4.7 a | 114.5±4.6 b | 145.2±7.3a,c |
% Flux Oxidized | 21.0±1.3 | 18.5±1.5 b | 27.9±2.0 c | 19.7±1.0 | 18.2±0.8 b | 22.5±1.1a,c |
REE (kcals/day) | 1669±138 | 1682±122 | 1925±139 c | 1727±103 | 1719±93 | 1858±97 |
RER | 0.82±0.01 | 0.75±0.02 | 0.78±0.02 | 0.82±0.01 | 0.74±0.02 | 0.75±0.02 |
p<0.05 metformin vs. placebo;
p<0.05 somatostatin vs. basal;
p<0.05 glucagon vs. somatostatin.
Data expressed as μmol/kgFFM/hr for whole-body leucine kinetics. Data are represented mean ± SE