. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2017 May 1.

Published in final edited form as: Child Dev. 2016 Apr 15;87(3):929–943. doi: 10.1111/cdev.12520

Table 5.

Phenotypic (r_P), genetic (r_G), shared (r_C) and non-shared environmental (r_E) correlations and bivariate heritability/environmentalities for the trivariate association between g at 4, drawing at age 4 and teacher-rated mathematics at age 12.

Variables	Bivariate h² ^*	Bivariate c²	Bivariate e²
	&	&	&
	r_G (95% CI)	r_C (95% CI)	r_E (95% CI)
g 4 & drawing r_P = .28 (.27 – .30)	.38	.56	.06
g 4 & drawing r_P = .28 (.27 – .30)	41(.30 – .53)	.40 (.33 – .47)	.07 (.03- .10)

g 4 & maths T12 r_P = .21 (.18 – .24)	.40	.56	.04
g 4 & maths T12 r_P = .21 (.18 – .24)	.25 (.12 – .37)	.27 (.17 – .37)	.06 (.04 – .13)

Drawing 4 & maths T12 r_P = .24 (.21 – .26)	.82	.18	.00
Drawing 4 & maths T12 r_P = .24 (.21 – .26)	.53 (.37 – .70)	.16 (-.02 – .34)	.01 ( .08 – .04)

Note: g = general cognitive ability at age 4; drawing = drawing ability at age 4 measured with the McCarthy scale; maths T12 = teacher-rated mathematics at age 12; The phenotypic correlation estimates are slightly different from the correlations previously reported as these were obtained after the data was regressed for age and gender, as is standard practice in the data preparation for ACE model fitting;

Bivariate heritability/environmentalities = the proportion of the phenotypic correlation (r_P) explained by common genetic, shared and non-shared environmental factors.