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. 2016 May 19;7:673. doi: 10.3389/fpls.2016.00673

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Copyright © 2016 Ma, Gao, Zhang, Zhang, Shao, Hai, Chen, Yang and Zhang.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) or licensor are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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Putative pathway for triterpenoid saponin biosynthesis in Platycodon grandiflorum. Enzymes found in this study are boxed. AACT, acetyl-CoA acetyltransferase; HMGS, HMG-CoA synthase; IPPI, IPP isomerase; HMGR, HMG-CoA reductase; MVK, mevalonate kinase; PMK, phosphomevalonate kinase; MVD, mevalonate diphosphate decarboxylase; GPPS, geranylgeranyl pyrophosphate synthase; FPPS, farnesyl diphosphate synthase; SS, squalene synthase; SE, squalene epoxidase; β-AS, β-amyrin synthase; β-A28O, β-amyrin 28-oxidase; HMG-CoA, 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A; DMAPP, dimethylallyl diphosphate; FPP, farnesyl diphosphate; GPP, geranyl pyrophosphate; IPP, isopentenyl diphosphate; GT, glycosyltransferase; CYPs, cytochrome P450.