Table 1.
Data about clutches and eggs that were analysed for pesticide residues and results of GC/MS-MS and LC/MS-MS analyses (mg/kg)
| Clutch code | Clutch characteristics | Egg characteristics | Residue analyses (mg/kg) | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Fate | Number of eggs laid | % Unhatched eggsa | % Fertile eggs | Egg status | Stage of development (days) | Difomityb | Eggshell thickness (mm) | GC/MS-MS screening | LC/MS-MS screening | |
| 2011-80-864-1 | Failure | 6 | 100 | 42 | Dead embryo | 3 | – | 0.236 | ND | ND |
| Indet | – | – | ND | ND | ||||||
| Infertile | – | – | 0.212 | |||||||
| Infertile | – | – | 0.223 | |||||||
| 2011-45-24-2 | Hatching | 14 | 86 | 57 | Indet | – | – | 0.214 | ND | ND |
| Indet | – | – | 0.254 | ND | Thiamethoxam(+clothianidin): D = 0.013 | |||||
| Indet | – | – | 0.237 | |||||||
| Indet | – | – | 0.241 | |||||||
| Indet | – | – | 0.226 | |||||||
| Indet | – | – | 0.248 | ND | ND | |||||
| Indet | – | – | 0.251 | |||||||
| Indet | – | – | 0.244 | |||||||
| 2011-45-583-2 | Hatching | 15 | 67 | 80 | Dead embryo | 15 | Yes | 0.226 | ND | ND |
| Indet | – | – | 0.246 | ND | ND | |||||
| Indet | – | – | 0.27 | |||||||
| Dead embryo | 6 | – | 0.246 | |||||||
| Dead embryo | 10 | – | 0.22 | |||||||
| Dead embryo | 11 | – | 0.418 | Heptachlor(+epoxyde) D < 0.01 | ND | |||||
| Indet | – | – | 0.206 | |||||||
| Indet | – | – | 0.283 | |||||||
| 2011-77J-1153-1 | Hatching | 10 | 60 | 85 | Dead embryo | 2 | – | 0.236 | ND | ND |
| Dead embryo | 8 | – | 0.214 | ND | ND | |||||
| Indet | – | – | 0.212 | |||||||
| Dead embryo | 2 | – | 0.228 | |||||||
| Indet | – | – | 0.214 | ND | ND | |||||
| Indet | – | – | 0.237 | |||||||
| 2011-77P-723-1 | Hatching | 13 | 31 | 96 | Dead embryo | 22 | No | 0.198 | ND | Bromoxynil D < 0.01 |
| Indet | – | – | 0.218 | Heptachlor(+epoxyde) D = 0.11 | ND | |||||
| Dead embryo | 23 | No | 0.204 | |||||||
| Prochloraz(+TCP) D = 0.041 | ||||||||||
| 2011-51-104-3 | Hatching | 11 | 27 | 100 | Dead embryo | 23 | No | 0.223 | ND | ND |
| Dead embryo | 23 | No | 0.244 | ND | ND | |||||
| 2010-76-359-2 | Hatching | 11 | 55 | 91 | Dead embryoc | 18 | Yes | 0.186 | ND | ND |
| 2010-80-411-2 | Hatching | 14 | 93 | 100 | Dead embryo | 23 | Yes | . | ND | ND |
| 2011-77J-1158-1 | Hatching | 11 | 9 | 100 | Dead embryo | 22 | Yes | 0.239 | Prochloraz(+TCP) D = 0.024 | ND |
| 2011-14/61-177-1 | Hatching | 14 | 7 | 93 | Infertile | – | – | 0.175 | ND | ND |
| 2011-41-1101-1 | Failure | 8 | – | – | Dead embryo | 2 | – | 0.127 | ND | ND |
| Dead embryo | 2 | – | 0.237 | DDT(Σ isomers) D = 0.046 | ND | |||||
| Dead embryo | 2 | – | 0.225 | |||||||
| 2011-14/61-181-1 | Hatching | 20 | 5 | 100 | Dead embryo | 9 | – | 0.239 | ND | ND |
| 2011-76-952-1 | Hatching | 14 | 21 | 89 | Indet | – | – | 0.205 | ND | ND |
| Indet | – | – | 0.25 | Fipronil(+sulfone) D = 0.0085 | ND | |||||
| Indet | – | – | 0.228 | HCH(α + β + δ) D = 0.015 | ||||||
| 2011-27-1040-1 | Hatching | 15 | 20 | 87 | Infertile | – | – | 0.205 | Cyproconazole D = 0.021 | ND |
| 2011-28-799-2 | Failure | 11 | 100 | – | Indet | – | – | 0.215 | ND | ND |
| Indet | – | – | 0.277 | |||||||
| Indet | – | – | 0.205 | |||||||
| Indet | – | – | 0.26 | ND | ND | |||||
| Indet | – | – | 0.315 | |||||||
| Indet | – | – | 0.226 | |||||||
| 2011-45-586-1 | Hatching | 18 | 28 | 86 | Indet | – | – | 0.239 | ND | ND |
| Indet | – | – | 0.224 | |||||||
| Indet | – | – | 0.239 | Cyhalothrin(lambda) D < 0.01 | ND | |||||
| Indet | – | – | 0.258 | Fenpropidin D = 0.34 | ||||||
| Heptachlor(+epoxyde) D < 0.01 | ||||||||||
| Tebuconazole D < 0.01 | ||||||||||
| 2011-45-587-1 | Hatching | 20 | 30 | 95 | Dead embryo | 11 | – | 0.285 | Diphenylamine D = 0.01 | ND |
| Dead embryo | 3 | – | 0.229 | |||||||
| Dead embryo | 12 | – | 0.251 | |||||||
| Dead embryo | 19 | No | 0.264 | Fenpropidin D = 0.036 | ND | |||||
| Indet | – | – | 0.215 | |||||||
| Indet | – | – | 0.25 | |||||||
| 2010-78-760-1 | Hatching | 19 | 32 | 95 | Dead embryo | 12 | – | 0.245 | ND | ND |
| Dead embryo | 12 | – | 0.273 | |||||||
| Dead embryo | 12 | – | . | |||||||
| Dead embryo | 12 | – | . | |||||||
| 2011-77J-1200-1 | Hatching | 18 | 11 | 94 | Indet | – | – | 0.223 | ND | ND |
| Indet | – | – | 0.225 | |||||||
| 2011-80-871-2 | Hatching | 13 | 62 | 88 | Dead embryo | 5 | – | 0.229 | Fipronil(+sulfone) D = 0.0083 | Thiamethoxam(+clothianidin) D < 0.01 |
| Dead embryo | 5 | – | 0.238 | |||||||
| Indet | – | – | 0.214 | |||||||
| Indet | – | – | 0.244 | ND | Thiamethoxam(+clothianidin) D = 0.037 of which clothianidin D = 0.032 | |||||
| Dead embryo | 16 | No | 0.237 | PCB153 D < 0.01 | – | |||||
| Dead embryo | 11 | – | 0.243 | |||||||
| 2011-14/61-153-3 | Hatching | 10 | 60 | 85 | Infertile | – | – | 0.33 | ND | ND |
| Dead embryo | 6 | – | 0.293 | |||||||
| Dead embryo | 19 | No | 0.275 | |||||||
| Indet | – | – | 0.351 | ND | ND | |||||
| Dead embryo | 19 | No | 0.239 | |||||||
| 2011-78-51-2 | Hatching | 11 | 36 | 91 | Infertile | – | – | 0.241 | ND | ND |
| Dead embryo | 23 | Yes | 0.211 | ND | ND | |||||
| 2011-59-848-2 | Hatching | 4 | 25 | 100 | Dead embryo | 9 | – | 0.23 | ND | ND |
| 2011-51-145-2 | Hatching | 10 | 30 | 85 | Infertile | – | – | 0.243 | Diphenylamine D < 0.01 | ND |
| Dead embryo | 18 | No | 0.219 | |||||||
| 2010-51-202-1 | Failure | 16 | – | 16 | Infertile | – | – | 0.253 | ND | ND |
| Dead embryo | 4 | – | 0.232 | |||||||
| Dead embryo | 3 | – | 0.265 | |||||||
| Infertile | – | – | 0.235 | ND | ND | |||||
| Infertile | – | – | 0.255 | |||||||
| Infertile | – | – | 0.224 | |||||||
| 2011-80-924-1 | Failure | 15 | – | 93 | Dead embryo | 8 | – | 0.259 | ND | ND |
| Dead embryo | 8 | – | 0.267 | |||||||
| Dead embryo | 8 | – | 0.258 | |||||||
| 2011-77P-719-1 | Hatching | 16 | 25 | 91 | Dead embryo | 16 | No | 0.254 | ND | ND |
| Indet | – | – | 0.231 | ND | ND | |||||
| Indet | – | – | 0.234 | |||||||
| 2010-80-442-2 | Failure | 8 | – | 100 | Dead embryo | 23 | No | . | ND | ND |
| 2011-41-1101-2 | Failure | 9 | – | 78 | Infertile | – | – | 0.209 | DDT(Σ isomers) D < 0.01 | ND |
| Dead embryo | 20 | No | 0.171 | |||||||
| 2011-41-1073-1 | Hatching | 12 | 33.3 | 100 | Dead embryo | 22 | Yes | 0.223 | DDT(Σ isomers) D < 0.01 | ND |
| 2011-41-1075-1 | Failure | 7 | – | – | Dead embryo | 2 | – | 0.26 | DDT(Σ isomers) D = 0.027 | ND |
| Indet | – | – | 0.246 | |||||||
| Dead embryo | 2 | – | 0.25 | |||||||
| 2011-41-1107-1 | Failure | 3 4 | – | – | Dead embryo | 10 | – | 0.18 | DDT(Σ isomers) D = 0.03 | ND |
| Dead embryo | 10 | – | 0.182 | |||||||
| 2011-45-579-1 | Hatching | 17 | 11.76 | 94 | Indet | – | – | 0.204 | Cyproconazole D = 0.015 | ND |
| Indet | – | – | 0.226 | |||||||
| 2011-41-1066-1 | Failure | 22 | – | 100 | Dead embryo | 15 | No | ND | ND | |
| 2011-45-658-1 | Failure | 15 | – | 100 | Dead embryo | 20 | No | 0.238 | DDT(Σ isomers) D = 0.016 | ND |
| 2011-59-841-1 | Failure | 15 | – | 67 | Dead embryo | 2 | – | 0.218 | Fipronil(+sulfone) D = 0.0068 | Thiamethoxam(+clothianidin) D = 0.067 of which clothianidin D = 0.057 |
| PCB153 D < 0.01 | ||||||||||
| Dead embryo | 2 | – | 0.234 | PCB180 D < 0.01 | ||||||
| Infertile | – | – | 0.212 | |||||||
| 2011-59-803-1 | Failure | 12 | – | 83 | Dead embryo | 4 | – | 0.25 | Prochloraz(+TCP) D < 0.01 | ND |
| Dead embryo | 5 | – | 0.239 | |||||||
| Dead embryo | 4 | – | 0.253 | |||||||
| 2011-59-839-2 | Hatching | 8 | 12.5 | 94 | Indet | – | – | 0.252 | ND | ND |
| 2011-80-906-1 | Failure | 15 | – | 93 | Indet | – | – | 0.25 | Prochloraz(+TCP) D < 0.01 | ND |
| Indet | – | – | 0.245 | |||||||
| Dead embryo | 21 | No | 0.21 | Prochloraz(+TCP) D < 0.01 | ND | |||||
| 2011-80-886-1 | Failure | 16 | – | 97 | Indet | – | – | 0.215 | Diflufenican D = 0.016 | ND |
| Dead embryo | 22 | No | 0.216 | |||||||
| 2011-80-917-1 | Failure | 14 | – | 100 | Dead embryo | 21 | No | 0.234 | PCB153 D < 0.01 | ND |
| 2011-14-61-168-2 | Failure | 14 | – | 96 | Dead embryo | 20 | No | 0.242 | ND | ND |
| Indet | – | – | 0.22 | |||||||
| 2011-14-61-175-1 | Failure | 8 | – | – | Dead embryo | 10 | – | 0.236 | ND | ND |
| 2011-51-111-1 | Failure | 14 | – | 7 | Infertile | – | – | 0.231 | Fenpropodin D = 0.032 | ND |
| Dead embryo | 2 | – | 0.22 | |||||||
| 2011-51-204-1 | Failure | 10 | – | 80 | Dead embryo | 18 | No | 0.225 | ND | ND |
| Dead embryo | 18 | No | 0.221 | |||||||
| Dead embryo | 18 | No | 0.24 | |||||||
| 2011-51-222-2 | Failure | 32 | – | – | Dead embryo | 12 | – | 0.182 | ND | ND |
| Infertile | – | – | 0.165 | |||||||
| 2011-77J-1148-1 | Hatching | 18 | 11.1 | 94 | Indet | – | – | 0.243 | ND | ND |
| Indet | – | – | 0.268 | |||||||
| 2011-77P-1164-1 | Hatching | 14 | 21.4 | 93 | Dead embryo | 10 | – | 0.209 | ND | ND |
| Dead embryo | 22 | Yes | 0.238 | |||||||
| 2011-76-359-1 | Failure | 13 | – | 31 | Dead embryo | 2 | – | 0.243 | ND | ND |
| Infertile | – | – | 0.23 | |||||||
| Dead embryo | 2 | – | 0.251 | |||||||
| 2011-27-38-1 | Failure | 12 | – | 67 | Dead embryo | 21 | Yes | 0.221 | ND | ND |
| 2011-76-999-1 | Failure | 31 | – | – | Dead embryo | 2 | – | 0.24 | ND | ND |
| 2011-76-958-2 | Failure | 8 | – | 63 | Dead embryo | 20 | No | 0.238 | Difenoconazole D = 0.013 | ND |
| Diphenylamine D = 0.019 | ||||||||||
ND no active substances (ASs) detected (LoD approximatively half of LoQ—0.01 mg/kg for most ASs, see Online Resource 1)), – not relevant data
aCalculated on clutches incubated ≥24 days
bRecorded for embryo ≥15 days of development
cOnly the embryo was available for residue analysis