Figure 4.

Firing rate modulations in GC before and during the production of individual gapes. A, Each subpanel shows the gape-triggered change in firing rate (y-axis) for a different GC neuron. The black (gray) trace depicts the neural response triggered on the first (later) gapes produced by the animal following infusions of sQ; 0 on the x-axis represents the onset of an individual gape. All of the neural responses shown were smoothed with a 20 ms rectangular window. Error bands indicate the SEM. B, Histogram showing the distribution of the peak times of the gape-triggered responses (x-axis) across neurons with statistically significant gape-related changes in firing rate. C, The gape-triggered change in firing rate averaged across the full set of GC neurons (N = 161); responses of individual neurons were inverted when necessary so as to treat inhibitory and excitatory changes similarly. Error bands in A and B indicate the SEM.