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. 2016 Apr 16;44(9):3971–3988. doi: 10.1093/nar/gkw237

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© The Author(s) 2016. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of Nucleic Acids Research.

This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/), which permits non-commercial re-use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. For commercial re-use, please contact journals.permissions@oup.com

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Figure 12. — Kinetics of Δ,Δ-Pc binding to dsDNA, from (44). (A) Measured fast and slow rates versus concentration of Δ,Δ-Pc at three forces: 20, 30 and 50 pN (red, green and blue). Data points are rates k_f and k_s obtained by fitting the length versus time for the Δ,Δ-Pc/DNA complex to Equation ((18)). Lines are the results of fits to Equation ((17)) (solid line fits for k_f and dotted lines fits for k_s) which determine the elementary rates of the two-step reaction. (B) Fitted values of elementary rates for two-step intercalation, giving the forward rates k₁ and k₂ (solid purple and orange symbols) and reverse rates k_-1 and k_-2 (open purple and orange symbols). Lines represent fits to Equation ((19)), and give the force-independent elementary rates and transition distances. Fitted parameters are shown in Table 3. (C) Force-dependent binding constants for each step K_d1 (cyan) and K₂ (gold) and for overall binding K_d (magenta), determined from the elementary rates. Lines denote fits to the exponential force dependence, which give the zero-force binding constants and equilibrium length changes.