Table 2. Stimulation area and effective stimulation area percentage of in vitro EF stimulation devices.

Report	Substrate	Thickness (mm)	Stimulation area (cm2)	Total area (cm2)	Effective stimulation area percentage
Song et al.27	100 mm TCPS	0.13–0.16	2.2	55	4.0%
Song et al.27	100 mm TCPS	0.13–0.16	22	55	36.0%
Tandon et al.52	60 mm glass	0.25	6.5	21	30.9%
Babona-Pilipos et al.58	60 mm TCPS	0.17	2.2	21	10.5%
Huang et al.29	150 mm TCPS	0.07	19.2	152	12.6%
Tsai et al.30	150 mm TCPS	0.6	69	152	45.4%
This study	6-well TCPS;	0.26	6.61	9.5	69.5%
	35 mm TCPS
	6-well TCPS;	0.13	6.83	9.5	71.9%
	35 mm TCPS
	100 mm TCPS	0.26	49	55	89.0%
	100 mm TCPS	0.13	49.6	55	90.3%