Table 4.
Unfavourable clinical outcome and prognostic factors of 93 cases of streptococcal osteoarticular infections
| Patient characteristic | Odds ratio | 95% confidence interval |
p | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Upper | Lower | |||
| Male sex | 3.25 | — | — | 0.450 |
| Comorbidities and risk factors | ||||
| Tobacco use | 0.62 | — | — | 0.750 |
| Alcoholism | 2.96 | — | — | 0.238 |
| Chronic liver disease | 2.65 | — | — | 0.189 |
| Peripheral neuropathy | 5.25 | 1.56 | 17.71 | 0.009 |
| Peripheral arterial disease | 4.55 | 1.39 | 14.93 | 0.019 |
| Diabetes mellitus | 4.07 | 1.23 | 13.49 | 0.031 |
| Malignancy | 0.40 | — | — | 0.683 |
| Immunodeficiency | 0.64 | — | — | 1.000 |
| Inflammatory rheumatism | 1.36 | — | — | 0.584 |
| Pneumonia | 5.69 | — | — | 0.291 |
| Chronic wound | 2.55 | — | — | 0.147 |
| Open fracture | 0.75 | — | — | 1.000 |
| Closed fracture | 1.36 | — | — | 0.733 |
| Orthopaedic device | 1.01 | — | — | 1.000 |
| Prosthetic joint | — | — | — | 0.114 |
| Type of infection | ||||
| Arthritis | — | — | — | 0.201 |
| Osteitis without orthopaedic device | 3.75 | 1.08 | 13.06 | 0.041 |
| Vertebral osteomyelitis | 0.88 | — | — | 1.000 |
| Prosthetic joint infection | — | — | — | 0.114 |
| Osteosynthesis device infection | 1.19 | — | — | 0.726 |
| Vertebral osteosynthesis device infection | — | — | — | 1.000 |
| Localization of infection | ||||
| Sternoclavicular | — | — | — | 1.000 |
| Shoulder | — | — | — | 1.000 |
| Wrist | — | — | — | 1.000 |
| Hand | — | — | — | 1.000 |
| Vertebra | 0.56 | — | — | 1.000 |
| Pelvis | — | — | — | 1.000 |
| Hip | 0.64 | — | — | 1.000 |
| Femur | — | — | — | 0.157 |
| Knee | — | — | — | 0.115 |
| Tibia | 2.60 | — | — | 0.223 |
| Ankle | 0.75 | — | — | 1.000 |
| Foot | 1.70 | — | — | 0.371 |
| Multiple localization | — | — | — | 0.584 |
| Streptococcus species | ||||
| acidominimus | — | 1.000 | ||
| agalactiae | 1.12 | — | — | 1.000 |
| anginosus | — | — | — | 0.344 |
| constellatus | 1.62 | — | — | 0.628 |
| dysgalactiae | 5.40 | 1.41 | 20.65 | 0.020 |
| equinus | — | 1.000 | ||
| intermedius | — | 1.000 | ||
| massiliensis | — | 1.000 | ||
| mitis | 0.88 | — | — | 1.000 |
| oralis | 1.85 | — | — | 0.502 |
| pneumoniae | — | — | — | 0.344 |
| pyogenes | — | — | — | 1.000 |
| salivarius | — | — | — | 1.000 |
| sanguinis | — | — | — | 1.000 |
| Polymicrobial infection | 2.44 | — | — | 0.238 |
| Antibiotic | ||||
| Amoxicillin | 0.84 | — | — | 0.774 |
| Third-generation cephalosporin | 1.01 | — | — | 1.000 |
| Ticarcillin–clavulanate | 0.50 | — | — | 1.000 |
| Piperacillin–tazobactam | 0.73 | — | — | 1.000 |
| Imipenem–cilastatin | — | — | — | 1.000 |
| Rifampicin | 0.99 | — | — | 1.000 |
| Doxycycline | 5.69 | — | — | 0.291 |
| Aminoglycoside | 0.64 | — | — | 1.000 |
| Clindamycin | 2.76 | — | — | 0.101 |
| Fluoroquinolones | 2.05 | 0.305 | ||
| Cotrimoxazole | 2.42 | 0.167 | ||
| Vancomycin and teicoplanin | — | — | — | 0.115 |
| Hyperbaric oxygen therapy | 0.73 | — | — | 1.000 |
| Surgical treatment | — | — | — | 0.201 |