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. 2016 May 18;13:111. doi: 10.1186/s12974-016-0577-8

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© Marignier et al. 2016

Open AccessThis article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated.

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Fig. 3 — Astrocyte and axonal alteration detected at the ultrastructural level in the optic nerve and spinal cord of NMO-rats. a, b Transmission electron microscopy on the rat optic nerve (D7, rat infused with IgG^AQP4+3 as an example). a Loss of astrocytic processes in the NMO-rat compared to the Control-rat, as shown in the corresponding drawings of astrocytic processes (dotted line). A astrocyte nucleus. b Axon bundle disorganization and altered mitochondria in astrocytic processes in NMO-rat (red arrow). Altered mitochondria were also present in axon (Ax). c, d Transmission electron microscopy on the rat spinal cord, in the gray (GM) and white matter (WM): altered mitochondria in NMO-rat (red arrows) compared to the Control-rat c in astrocytes and d in axon (Ax)