Table 1.

Patient characteristics

Patient No.	Gender (age, years)	Clinical presentation (date)	Visited country	Risk factor	Medical imaging	Laboratory results biology	Treatment (duration)	Outcome
1	M (37)	Fever and mild cough, rapid evolution to acute respiratory distress, multiple organ failure (December 2013)	Thailand (Kho Phangan)	None; tattoo?	Chest x-ray revealed cavity-like lesion in upper lobe of right lung compatible with tuberculosis	•Leukocytes: 22.4 × 109 L (81% neutrophils) •HBV, HCV, HIV serologies: negative •Malaria test: negative •PCT: 0.98 μg/L	•Amoxicillin (7 days) •Amoxicillin-clavulanic acid (7 extra days) •Piperacillin-tazobactam + amikacin •Intravenous ceftazidime + cotrimoxazole (14 days) •Maintenance oral cotrimoxazole (6 months)	After several weeks, acute renal failure persisted along with reduced respiratory capacity. To date, no relapse observed.
2	M (36)	Fever, chills, alteration of general state (April 2015)	Malaysia (Borneo)	None; flood?	Computed tomography chest scan revealed upper left lobe condensation	•Leukocytes: 6.8 × 109 L (82% neutrophils) •HBV, HCV, HIV serologies: negative •Malaria test: negative •PCT: 6.8 μg/L	•Intravenous ceftazidime and oral cotrimoxazole (10 days) •Maintenance oral cotrimoxazole (3 months)	Favorable clinical outcome was observed rapidly despite diagnosis of secondary prostatic abscess. To date, no relapse observed.
3	F (58)	Fever, chills, acute respiratory distress, diarrhoea, vomiting (August 2015)	Cambodia	Diabetes mellitus	Chest x-ray revealed alveolar condensation lesions in lower lobe of her left lung	•Leukocytes: 19.6 G/L (88% neutrophils) •HIV serology: negative •PCT: 28.9 μg/L	•Intravenous ceftriaxone for 24 hours; after bacterial identification, intravenous ceftazidime and oral cotrimoxazole (21 days) •Maintenance oral amoxicillin–clavulanic acid (3 months)	Clinical course was rapidly favorable. Sepsis and urinary tract infection were observed 5 months after.

HBV, hepatitis B virus; HCV, hepatitis C virus; PCT, procalcitonin.