Table 2.

UHPLC-MS/MS profiled plasma hydrophilic metabolites of male C57BL/6 mice fed 1% AGN diet.

Plasma Aqueous Metabolite	Mean plasma Ratio	p-value	Reported human PCa/prostate	Metabolic Function
	AGN/Control, n=3	t-test	median ratio (95% CI)	pathways
Increased in AGN fed mice
Glutathione disulfide GSSG (positive mode)	2.34	0.009	0.96 (0.77–1.07)	Cysteine product, Redox
Glutathione disulfide GSSG (negative mode)	2.00	0.030
Taurine	1.44	0.028	0.87 (0.78–0.99)	Cysteine product
Homocysteine	2.27	0.037		Methionine-Cysteine Cycle
S-Adenosyl-L-homocysteine (positive mode)	2.08	0.003		Methionine-Cysteine Cycle
S-Adenosyl-L-homocysteine (negative mode)	1.76	0.037
Dimethylglycine	1.63	0.004		Methionine-Cysteine Cycle
S-Adenosyl-L-methionine	1.21	0.006	1.30 (1.20–1.62)	Methionine-Cysteine Cycle
2,3-Diphosphoglyceric acid (Hb oxygenation)	2.04	0.035		Glucose metabolism, diversion from glycolysis
D-Gluconate	1.78	0.032		Glucose oxidation product, diversion from glycolysis
Flavin adenine dinucleotide (FAD)	1.38	0.028		Citric acid cycle, Redox
Decreased in AGN fed mice
Lysine	0.58	0.010	1.30 (1.19–1.44)	Amino acid, ketogenic
Leucine-isoleucine	0.65	0.043	1.29 (1.18–1.36)	Amino acid, ketogenic
Tyrosine	0.44	0.052	1.27 (1.15–1.48)	Amino acid
Threonine	0.59	0.038	1.26 (1.17–1.39)	Amino acid
1-Methyl-Histidine	0.64	0.028		Amino acid
Ornithine	0.62	0.030	1.42 (1.22–1.63)	Amino acid Arginine catabolism, Urea cycle
Aminoadipic acid	0.57	0.083	1.40 (1.13–1.63)	Amino acid Lysine metabolism
Adenine	0.46	0.066	1.15 (1.10–1.26)	Adenosine substrate, Purine cycle
Aminoimidazole carboxamide ribonucleotide	0.68	0.023		Adenosine analog, Purine cycle
Citrate-isocitrate	0.70	0.016		Citric acid cycle
Lactate	0.72	0.050	1.06 (0.99–1.10)	Glucose metabolism, glycolysis product