Table 2. Item content of the CES-D subscales used in the current studya.
| Depressed mood | Somatic symptoms | Lack of positive affect |
|---|---|---|
| I felt that I could not shake off the blues… | I was bothered by things that usually don't bother me | I felt I was just as good as other people |
| I felt depressed | I did not feel like eating… | I felt hopeful about the future |
| I thought my life had been a failure | I had trouble keeping my mind on what I was doing | I was happy |
| I felt fearful | …everything I did was an effort | I enjoyed life |
| I felt lonely | My sleep was restless | |
| I had crying spells | I talked less than usual | |
| I felt sad | I could not get ‘going' |
Abbreviation: CES-D, Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale.
a
The CES-D interpersonal difficulties subscale was not included in the analyses due to the restricted range of scores.