Table 3. Associations of combined categories including IPV and conflict-related trauma exposure with mental health indices.
| Combined IPV and conflict-related traumatic event categories | Total |
Edinburgh Depression Scale (EDS): EDS⩾13.0 |
Any mental distress (threshold for at least one of EDS, PTSD or K10) |
|||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| n | % | AOR (95%CI) | n | % | AOR (95%CI) | |||
| Combined no IPV and lack of sharing/respect (reference category for all further comparisons) | 0 to 1 trauma categories | 217 | 17 | 7.8 | 1.00 | 24 | 11.1 | 1.00 |
| 2–3 | 256 | 32 | 12.5 | 1.99 (1.06–3.73)a | 38 | 14.8 | 1.56 (0.90–2.71) | |
| ⩾4 | 257 | 37 | 14.4 | 2.53 (1.36–4.70)b | 47 | 18.3 | 2.15 (1.25–3.68)a | |
| χ2-test | P=0.080 | P=0.088 | ||||||
| Severe psychological abuse alone | 0 to 1 | 137 | 22 | 16.1 | 2.28 (1.15–4.51)a | 27 | 19.7 | 1.99 (1.09–3.64)a |
| 2–3 | 202 | 33 | 16.3 | 2.65 (1.41–4.98)b | 42 | 20.8 | 2.33 (1.34–4.04)b | |
| ⩾4 | 172 | 37 | 21.5 | 3.95 (2.10–7.40)b | 48 | 27.9 | 3.60 (2.08–6.23)b | |
| χ2-test | P=0.339 | P=0.154 | ||||||
| Physical abuse alone | 0 to 1 | 28 | 4 | 14.3 | 1.90 (0.58–6.18) | 5 | 17.9 | 1.71 (0.59–4.93) |
| 2–3 | 38 | 7 | 18.4 | 2.66 (1.01–7.00)a | 9 | 23.7 | 2.55 (1.08–6.05)a | |
| ⩾4 | 37 | 15 | 40.5 | 8.16 (3.53–18.85)b | 17 | 45.9 | 7.03 (3.23–15.29)b | |
| χ2-test | P=0.026 | P=0.028 | ||||||
| Severe psychological and physical abuse | 0 to 1 | 75 | 19 | 25.3 | 3.86 (1.86–7.99)b | 23 | 29.3 | 3.34 (1.73–6.41)b |
| 2–3 | 105 | 43 | 41.0 | 8.59 (4.52–16.32)b | 46 | 43.6 | 6.64 (3.72–11.83)b | |
| ⩾4 | 147 | 63 | 42.9 | 9.78 (5.31–18.02)b | 78 | 53.1 | 10.45 (6.06–18.01)b | |
| χ2-test | P=0.031 | P=0.003 | ||||||
Abbreviations: AOR, adjusted odds ratio; CI, confidence interval; IPV, intimate partner violence; K10, Kessler-10; PTSD, post-traumatic stress disorder.
The reference category for all analyses in table is persons in the combined group of no IPV or low sharing/respect only who have experienced 0–1 traumatic events (n=217). Note that women assigned to severe psychological abuse and physical abuse categories (and combination) may have endorsed items of the low sharing/respect form of psychological abuse. P-values from χ2-test indicate significance in the dose–effect trend for increasing exposure categories of TEs and higher prevalence in relevant mental health indices.
Adjusted Odds ratios (AORs) are significant at P<0.05 as compared with reference category.
AORs are significant at P<0.01 as compared with reference category.