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. 2016 Mar 1;6(3):e744. doi: 10.1038/tp.2016.8

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Copyright © 2016 Macmillan Publishers Limited

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Three-year follow-up of elderly MDD patients and control comparison. (a) The ratio of glutamine to glutamate in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) from major depressive disorder (MDD) patient group (N=19) was significantly decreased at 3-year follow-up. In contrast, the ratio of glutamine to glutamate in the CSF from control comparison group (N=17) was slightly increased at 3-year follow-up. (b) The Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HAM-D) score in the MDD patient group (N=19) was significantly decreased at 3-year follow-up. In contrast, HAM-D score in the control comparison group (N=17) was slightly increased at 3-year follow-up.