Figure 1.

RNA sequencing shows IL1α and PDGF induction of inflammatory and cell cycle pathways. A, Study design for determination of the transcriptome in quiescent and stimulated HSVSMCs. HSVSMCs were treated for 72 hours, RNA quality was assessed and subjected to RNA-seq following the Tuxedo pipeline for analysis. B, Known inflammatory microRNA, miR146a, is upregulated by IL1α (n=4). **P<0.01 vs 0.2% condition. Multiple comparison 1-way ANOVA. C, BrdU incorporation as an indirect marker of proliferation was assessed in all patients (n=3). **P<0.01 vs 0.2% condition. D, Biotype distribution of all transcripts identified by RNA-seq analysis generated from HSVSMCs treated with IL1α and PDGF, cutoff at FPKM>0.1 E, Venn diagram indicating overlap of protein-coding genes with altered expression (analyzed using EdgeR, FDR<0.01) across each treatment. ANOVA indicates analysis of variance; BrdU, bromodeoxyuridine; FC, fold change; FDR, false discovery rate; FPKM, fragments per kilobase of exon per million fragments mapped; HSVSMC, human saphenous vein–derived smooth muscle cell; IL1α, interleukin-1α; lncRNA, long noncoding RNA; miR, microRNA; miscRNA, miscellaneous RNA; miRNA, microRNA; PDGF, platelet-derived growth factor; and UBC, ubiquitin C.