. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2016 Dec 1.

Published in final edited form as: Occup Environ Med. 2016 Feb 23;73(6):394–400. doi: 10.1136/oemed-2015-103327

Table 3.

Incidence and persistence of upper extremity pain by country at follow-up.

	Incidence of pain in past month [in participants who did not have upper extremity pain at baseline]			Incidence of disabling pain [in participants who did not have upper extremity pain at baseline]			Persistence of pain [in participants who had upper extremity pain the past month at baseline]

		OR (95%CI)			OR (95%CI)			OR (95%CI)

	%	Crude	Adjusted^a	%	Crude	Adjusted^b	%	Crude	Adjusted^c

Spain (reference)	(Cases=94 / N=283)			(Cases=29 / N=292)			(Cases=69 / N=152)
Spain (reference)	33.2	1	1	9.9	1	1	45.4	1	1

Costa Rica	(Cases=65 / N=129)			(Cases=26 / N=135)			(Cases=25 / N=104)
Costa Rica	50.4	2.04 (1.34-3.12)	2.17 (1.36-3.47)	19.3	2.16 (1.22-3.84)	2.21 (1.20-4.04)	24.0	0.38 (0.22-0.65)	0.37 (0.21-0.68)

Nicaragua	(Cases=106 / N=176)			(Cases=34 / N=154)			(Cases=87 / N=132)
Nicaragua	60.2	3.04 (2.06-4.50)	3.15 (2.05-4.83)	22.1	2.57 (1.50-4.41)	2.39 (1.35-4.22)	65.9	2.28 (1.41-3.67)	1.97 (1.16-3.35)

^aAll participants in the follow-up have had 12 months of follow-up so person equals person-time in our sample.

^bAdjusted for sex, age, awareness-someone outside work with pain, somatizing tendency.

^cAdjusted for sex, age, lack of support and non-disabling pain at baseline.

^dAdjusted for sex, age, pain-commonly caused by people’s work, somatizing tendency.