Table 1. Baseline Characteristics(N = 45542).
| Non-MS(n = 31563) | MS(n = 13979) | P | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Sex | 0.898 | ||
| Male | 14638 (46.38) | 6474 (46.31) | |
| Female | 16925 (53.62) | 7505 (53.69) | |
| Age (years) | 48.25±10.3 | 54.63±10.36 | <0.001 |
| Age gruop | <0.001 | ||
| 35- | 14226 (45.07) | 2952 (21.12) | |
| 45- | 8125 (25.74) | 3481 (24.90) | |
| 55- | 6480 (20.53) | 4797 (34.32) | |
| 65–74 | 2732 (8.66) | 2749 (19.67) | |
| T2DM family history | 3405 (10.79) | 1687 (12.07) | <0.001 |
| EH family history | 5116 (16.21) | 2608 (18.66) | <0.001 |
| Cerebrovascular history | 1101 (3.49) | 516 (3.69) | 0.280 |
| Education (high school or above) | 8625 (27.33) | 2377 (17.00) | <0.001 |
| Marriage | <0.001 | ||
| unmarried | 993 (3.28) | 182 (1.36) | |
| married | 26797 (88.40) | 11540 (86.37) | |
| divorce | 864 (2.85) | 212 (1.59) | |
| death of a spouse | 1661 (5.48) | 1427 (10.68) | |
| physical activity | <0.001 | ||
| little | 13695 (43.39) | 5892 (42.15) | |
| Occasionally | 6197 (19.63) | 2493 (17.83) | |
| regularly | 3252 (10.30) | 1280 (9.16) | |
| Every day | 6076 (19.25) | 3265 (23.36) | |
| Smoking | <0.001 | ||
| Yes | 6674 (22.86) | 2798 (21.71) | |
| No, Has given up | 2050 (7.02) | 1118 (8.67) | |
| Never | 20472 (70.12) | 8975 (69.62) | |
| Smoking frequency (one day) | <0.001 | ||
| 1–10 | 2856 (33.45) | 1192 (30.96) | |
| 10–20 | 3615 (42.34) | 1551 (40.29) | |
| ≥20 | 2067 (24.21) | 1107 (28.75) | |
| alcohol drinking | <0.001 | ||
| Yes | 6415 (22.11) | 2855 (22.43) | |
| No, Has given up | 903 (3.11) | 500 (3.93) | |
| Never | 21699 (74.78) | 9373 (73.64) | |
| Height (cm) | 160.76±8.10 | 160.11±8.65 | <0.001 |
| Weight (Kg) | 58.86±9.46 | 66.78±11.00 | <0.001 |
| BMI (Kg/m2) | 22.72±2.82 | 25.97±3.21 | <0.001 |
| BMI group | <0.001 | ||
| <18.5Kg/m2 | 1768 (5.60) | 68 (0.49) | |
| 18.5–24.9Kg/m2 | 23714 (75.1) | 5573 (39.87) | |
| 24.9–29.9Kg/m2 | 5693 (18.04) | 6940 (49.65) | |
| 30–34.9Kg/m2 | 360 (1.14) | 1255 (8.98) | |
| 35–39.9Kg/m2 | 21 (0.07) | 122 (0.87) | |
| ≥40Kg/m2 | 3 (0.01) | 19 (0.14) | |
| WC (cm) | 77.71±8.40 | 88.04±8.56 | <0.001 |
| Central OB* | 5133 (16.26) | 10194 (72.92) | <0.001 |
| WHR | 0.83±0.07 | 0.89±0.07 | <0.001 |
| Body fat (%) | 24.85±6.93 | 29.69±7.61 | <0.001 |
| Pulse (times) | 74.28±9.96 | 77.07±11.16 | <0.001 |
| FPG (mg/dl) | 95.28±16.85 | 112.89±36.86 | <0.001 |
| TC (mg/dl) | 197.52±36.21 | 210.73±40.26 | <0.001 |
| TG (mg/dl) | 100.53±50.59 | 178.61±91.95 | <0.001 |
| HDL-C (mg/dl) | 49.16±13.35 | 39.88±11.66 | <0.001 |
| LDL-C (mg/dl) | 128.34±31.89 | 135.84±36.00 | <0.001 |
| SBP (mmHg) | 118.67±18.86 | 138.21±21.65 | <0.001 |
| DBP (mmHg) | 73.38±10.61 | 81.45±11.83 | <0.001 |
| CRP (mg/dl) | 0.23±0.53 | 0.32±0.73 | <0.001 |
| ALT (IU/L) | 24.5±28.54 | 31.70±31.04 | <0.001 |
| AST(IU/L) | 23.74±19.05 | 26.52±19.26 | <0.001 |
| GFR(mL/min/1.73m2) | 79.84±14.45 | 74.48±15.35 | <0.001 |
| BUN (mg/dl) | 14.97±4.25 | 16.02±5.48 | <0.001 |
| CRE (mg/dl) | 0.96±0.28 | 1.02±0.48 | <0.001 |
| UA (mg/dl) | 5.73±1.55 | 6.44±1.64 | <0.001 |
| Working on the seat | 14314 (48.87) | 6053 (47.73) | <0.001 |
| Often drinking milk | 5452 (18.29) | 1750 (13.38) | <0.001 |
| Often eating fruit | 16883 (53.49) | 6967 (49.84) | <0.001 |
| Often drinking SSB | 2675 (9.25) | 996 (7.87) | <0.001 |
| EH | 5433 (17.21) | 8044 (57.54) | <0.001 |
| T2DM | 602 (1.91) | 2057 (14.71) | <0.001 |
| CKD | 3778 (11.97) | 3603 (25.77) | <0.001 |
Data are mean ± standard deviation or number (%). BMI: body mass index; WC: waist circumference; OB: obesity; WHR: Waist-to-hip ratio; FPG: fasting plasma glucose; TC: Serum total cholesterol; TG: Triglyceride; HDL-C: high-density lipoprotein cholesterol; LDL-C: low density lipoprotein-cholesterol; SBP: systolic blood pressure; DBP: diastolic blood pressure; CRP: C-reaction protein; ALT: alanine transaminase; AST: Aspartate aminotransferase; GFR: glomerular filtration rate, GFR (mL/min per 1.73 m3) = 186.3 × (Serum creatinine)-1.154 ×Age-0.203 × (0.742 if female); BUN: blood urea nitrogen; CRE: Serum creatinine; UA: uric acid; SSB: sugar-sweetened beverages; EH: essential hypertension; T2DM: type 2 diabetes mellitus; CKD: Chronic kidney diseases.
*: Central obesity was defined as waist circumference≥90 for male and ≥80 for female.